IiCordilleras zaseColombia

Ukuba ngenye imini ufuna ukuhamba kwaye ufumane ezona ndawo zintle kakhulu emhlabeni, ungathandabuzi kakhulu kwaye ulungiselele uhambo lokwazi iCordilleras yaseColombia. Uluhlu lweentaba zeAndes lolona khonkco lubalaseleyo kwaye lubalulekile kwintaba eLatin America kwaye yahlula umhlaba waseColombia kumasebe amathathu azimeleyo: iNtshona Cordillera, iCentral Cordillera kunye neMpuma Cordillera.

ICordillera de los Andes ingena eColombia ngenxalenye esemazantsi-ntshona yelizwe kwaye yahlulwe yangamatyathanga amabini: INtshona Cordillera kunye neCentral Cordillera. Uluhlu lweNtaba ekuMbindi lwahlula amasebe amabini kwiColombia okanye iMassif yaseAlmaguer, ikhulisa uluhlu lwentaba yaseMpuma. Into ebizwa ngokuba yiPacific Ring of Fire nayo ithandwa kakhulu kuba yenziwe ziintaba-mlilo ezininzi kwaye iyafumaneka kulo mmandla. Intaba-mlilo iGaleras ebekwe kufutshane nesixeko sasePasto kunye neNevado del Ruiz ekwayintaba-mlilo idume ngomsebenzi wabo wakutshanje.

Yintoni uluhlu lweentaba?

Ngaphambi kokubona ukuba zeziphi ezona ntaba zibalulekileyo eColombia, masicacise yintoni intaba.

Nguwuphi umahluko okhoyo phakathi kwe-cordillera, imixokelelwane okanye inkqubo yeentaba, okanye iintaba ngokulula ..? Ewe, ndizakuzama ukukucacisela. Ukuba siya kwisichazi-magama kwaye sikhangele uluhlu lweentaba, luyichaza ngolu hlobo: ukulandelelana kweentaba ezidityaniswe kunye. Ngale ndlela yahlukile kwi-sierra kwinani leentaba, enkulu ngakumbi kwi-cordillera. Masithi iintaba zizohlulo esizenzayo kwiintaba.

Uluhlu lwentaba lwenziwa njani

Ngoku ukuba simbe nzulu kancinci, kwaye sikubona ngokwembono yejoloji, ndiza kukuxelela lonto Uluhlu lweentaba lwenziwe ziindawo ezisongiweyo okanye kwinqanaba lokugoba. Kwiindawo ezinde ezibekwe emaphethelweni amazwekazi, isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli yentlabathi siqokelela, ukuba ngaba zenziwa uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo olubangelwa yimixokelelwane esecaleni, ziyasonga zize ziphakame, oko ke kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwemixokelelwane yeentaba. Yile ndlela uninzi lweentaba ezinkulu zelizwekazi ezenziwe ngayo, ezinjengeeHimalaya eAsia, iAndes eMzantsi Melika okanye iAlps zaseYurophu.

Le nkqubo yokuhamba, ethi ke ibangele ukusongelwa kunokuba:

• Ngokudibana phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini ezwekazi i-lithosphere, Esona siqwenga somhlaba singaphandle, esinobunzulu obuguquliweyo phakathi kweekhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-50, sifinyeze, sisonge okanye siqhekeze kwaye sikhuphe uluhlu lweentaba (ngelishwa, oku kuyafana neentaba). Yenziwa njalo ke intaba yeHimalaya, eyona ndawo iphezulu ngaphezulu. Olu luhlu lweentaba ludlulela kumazwe aliqela: iBhutan, Nepal, China kunye ne-India kwaye kuyo sifumana i-10 kwiincopho ezilishumi elinesine ezingaphezulu kwe-8.000 yeemitha ukuphakama, ezingaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle kuyo yonke iplanethi.
• Ngokudibana, kodwa ngaphakathi kwamacwecwe amabini etektoni. IiPyrenees zinikwe njengomzekelo.
• Ngokudibana phakathi kwepleyiti yolwandlekazi kunye nembasa yelizwekazi, emva koko uqweqwe lwaselwandle luyatshona. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo luluhlu lweentaba zeAndes, lolona luhlu lude lweentaba emhlabeni kwaye kuyo sifumana ezona ntaba-mlilo ziphakamileyo emhlabeni.

Iiarhente zomoya ezifana namanzi okanye umoya, kunye nezityalo uqobo kunye neempawu zomhlaba, zingenelele kwaye zimise iintaba. Kunjalo nje Akukho zintaba zodwa eMhlabeni, kwezinye iiplanethi, ezinjengeMars, kukwakho, eyona idumileyo yiTars.

Ukufuna ukwazi, akwaziwa ukuba yeyiphi eyona ntaba indala emhlabeni, kodwa ithepui okanye ithepui ludidi lweethafa ezinamathambeka, aneendonga ezithe nkqo. Kuyaphikiswa ukuba olu hlobo lweentaba zezona zinto zindala, kuba imvelaphi yazo ivela kwi-Precambrian. Kodwa okwangoku asazi kangako ngomhlaba wolwandle.

Iibhayibhile zasemanzini

TNdithethile ngezintaba "esizibonayo" kodwa kukwakho neentaba zeelwandle, zizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimigxobhozo yaselwandle, ezenza eyona ntaba ibanzi, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60.000 ubude. Oku kwenziwa kukufuduswa kwamacwecwe eteknoloji.

Ukuphakama komndilili weentaba eziphantsi kwamanzi zi-2.000 ukuya kuma-3.000 eemitha. Ezi ntlobo zeentaba zinoncedo olukhulu, olunemithambeka ebanzi kunye neencam ezisoloko ziphawulwa kukuqhekeka kobude obude, obubizwa ngokuba sisinki okanye isithuba, apho iinyikima zomhlaba kunye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwenzeka rhoqo. Ngale mihlaba iqokelelekayo emaphethelweni, ubukhulu be-volcanic crust buye bonyuke kancinci.

Kwezinye iindawo zoLwandlekazi lweAtlantic umqolo uhamba malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 ngonyaka, ngelixa kwimpuma yePasifiki uhamba ngokukhawuleza, malunga neesentimitha ezili-14.

Ezinye iintaba kwezi zintaba ziye zaphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye ziye zakhokelela kwiziqithi ezinentaba-mlilo ezinjengeIceland.

IiCordilleras zaseColombia

INtshona Cordillera

I-Western Cordillera inobude obumalunga ne-1.200 km kwaye ibalekela emantla kwilizwe ukusuka eNudo de los Pastos kwisebe laseNariño kumazantsi-ntshona eColombia ukuya eNudo de Paramillo kwisebe laseCórdoba, ekumantla eli lizwe.

Ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo eNtshona Cordillera zi- ngokokuphakama-:

• ICumbal Volcano: 4.764 yeemitha ukuphakama.
• I-volcano yaseChile: 4.748 m ukuphakama.
• Intaba-mlilo yaseAzufral: 4.070 m ukuphakama.
• UFarallones de Cali: ukusuka kuma-200 ukuya kuma-4.280 m ukuphakama.
• Intaba yaseTatamá: 4.200 m ukuphakama.
• IParamillo massif okanye iParamillo del Sinú: ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-3.960 m ukuphakama.
• Munchique Hill: 3.012 m ukuphakama.

Uluhlu lweNtaba enguMbindi

Umbindi weCordillera usuka kwiNudo de Almaguer okanye iColombia Massif kwisebe laseCauca ukuya eSerranía de San Lucas de Bolívar emantla eColombia. Yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo kweli lizwe ineencopho ezingaphezu kwe-5.700 yeemitha ukuphakama kwaye inobude be-1.000 km.

Ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo kwiCentral Cordillera zi- ngokokuphakama-:

• INevado del Huila: 5.750 m ukuphakama.
• INevado del Ruiz: 5.321 m ukuphakama.
• INevado del Tolim: 5.216 m ukuphakama.
• INevado de Santa Isabel: 5.150 m ukuphakama.
• INevado del Cisne: 4.800 m ukuphakama.

Njengoko ubona, ineentaba eziphakamileyo ngokwenene ukuba ukuzibona ukude sele kumangalisa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo zizimangaliso zendalo iColombia inethamsanqa lokuba nazo. Baninzi abantu abahamba kule ntaba ngenjongo yokwazi ezi ntaba kwaye bonwabele bonke ubuhle bazo bukhoma.

KwiMpuma Cordillera

Impuma yeCordillera yeyona ntaba inkulu kweli lizwe enobude obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1.200 km. Olu luhlu lweentaba luqala ukusuka kwiAlmaguer knot ukuya kwintaba yePerijá, kwisebe laseLa Guajira, emantla mpuma eColombia.

ICordillera yahlulwe yangamasebe amabini: uluhlu lweentaba zeMotilones oluya emantla kunye nentaba yeTáchira ewela umda phakathi kweColombia neVenezuela.

Ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo zeMpuma Cordillera zi- ngokokuphakama-:

• ISierra Nevada del Cocuy: 5.330 m ukuphakama.
• I-moor yeSumapaz: 3.820 m ukuphakama.
• I-Pisba moor: i-3.800 m ukuphakama.
• ISierra de Perijá: 3.750 m ukuphakama.
• Imoor yeChoachí: 2.980 m ukuphakama.

Kwakhona kwimpuma yeCordillera sinokufumana amathafa amakhulu, ikwanobuhle obukhulu nexabiso leColombia. Ziyabonakala:

• I-savannah yaseBotota: ziimitha ezingama-2.600 ukuphakama, apho isixeko saseBogotá sikhona
• IUvané savanna: 2.570 m ukuphakama.
• Intili yeSogamoso: 2.570 m ukuphakama.

Ukuphakama komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu eColombia

Ukongeza kwiiNtaba zeAndes nayo yonke into ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, kukho ukuphakama komhlaba obaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke iColombia kunye neLatin America ukuba kungumbono olungileyo ukuba wazi, ukuba ngenye imini unomdla wokuhambela amazwe abo ukwazi le mimangaliso yehlabathi.

ISierra Nevada yaseSanta Marta

Ifumaneka kumathafa aselunxwemeni lweCaribbean. Yandiswa ngamasebe eMagdalena, eCesar naseLa Guajira. Inokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-5.775 (i-18.947 iinyawo) ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Incopho ephezulu onokuyifumana yile kaCristóbal Colón elandelwa nguSimón Bolívar. Yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo yokugubungela ikhephu eColombia. Olu luhlu lweentaba lunommandla oziikhilomitha ezili-17.000.

IMontes de María okanye intaba yeSan Jacinto

Ime phakathi kwamasebe aseBolívar naseSucre kumathafa aselunxwemeni eCaribbean, ine-810 yeemitha ukuphakama.

ISerranía de la Macuira

Ime kwiSebe laseLa Guajira kwaye inokuphakama kweemitha eziyi-810. Inendawo eyi-250 yeekhilomitha eziqhelekileyo.

ISerranía del Darién

Ime kwisebe laseChocó. Umda womda phakathi kweColombia nePanama. Inokuphakama kweemitha ezili-1.910 kwiTacurcuna Hill.

ISerranía del Baudo

Ime kwisebe laseChocó, kufutshane nonxweme loLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Yahlulwe kwizitya zokuhlambela zemilambo iAtrato kunye neBaudo kwaye iyahambelana nonxweme nemifanekiso emihle yeentaba ecaleni kolwandle. Inokuphakama kweemitha ezili-1.810.

ISerranía de la Macarena

Ime kwisebe leMeta, kumazantsi mpuma mpuma eCordillera. Inokuphakama okujikeleze i-2.000 yeemitha. Unokufumana indawo yeekhilomitha ezili-625 zeekhilomitha.

ISerranía del Perijá okanye iSerranía de los Motilones kwindawo esemazantsi

Itholakala kwiNyakatho-mpuma yeColombia. Isebenza njengomda oyinxalenye neVenezuela phakathi kwamasebe eLa Guajira naseNorte de Santander. Inokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-287.

Ukunyuka kwe-mpuma-mpuma

Zifumaneka kumathafa asempuma. Iinduli zisasazekile njengeIguaje neYambi enamathafa asezantsi, kunye neSierra de Araracuara.

Njengoko ubona, iiCordilleras zaseColombia zinento eninzi yokubonisa umhlaba, kwaye ubuhle bazo kunzima ukubetha.