IColombia lilizwe lesine ngokwandiswa kwiLatin AmericaUkukunika umbono, ngaphakathi kwelizwekazi kukho iiSpain ezimbini kwaye ngenxa yolwandiso olukhulu, kukho imimandla eliqela yaseColombia eyahlulwe kakuhle.
Ilizwe liwele intaba yeAndes kunye nethafa laseAmazon, kwaye kuphela kwelizwe eMzantsi Melika elinonxweme lweAtlantic kunye nePasifiki. Ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili, siza kufunda ngakumbi malunga nemimandla yaseColombia kunye neenkcukacha zazo.
Imimandla emi-5 yaseColombia
Imimandla emihlanu ephambili yaseColombia unyana:
- Ummandla weAndes
- ECaribbean
- IPacific
- Ummandla weOrinoquía
- IAmazon.
Ummandla ngamnye waseColombia uhlelwe ngokwepolitiki ngamasebe, nawo ahlulwe ngoomasipala, kwaye anenkunzi yesebe. Ewonke kukho amasebe angama-32, enza iColombia. Ndikunika iinkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga nomnye wale mimandla kunye namasebe abo.
Ummandla weAndean, okanye unxantathu wegolide
Ungakwenza njani Khawufane ucinge ukuba ummandla weAndes ulawulwa ziintaba zeAndes, yeyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi elizweni, kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo zizixeko ezibaluleke: I-Bogotá, iMedellín kunye ne-Cali, yiyo loo nto yaziwa ngokuba ngunxantathu wegolide. Ikwayindawo yeepaki zelizwe eziphambili zeli lizwe.
Ngoku ndiza kudwelisa amasebe alo mmandla ngezihloko zawo eziziintloko:
- Antioquia (Medellín, isixeko sentwasahlobo saphakade)
- IBoyacá (iTunja), iCaldas (iManizales, entliziyweni yommandla wekofu)
- ICundinamarca (iBogotá, ikomkhulu lelizwe)
- IsiHuila (Neiva)
- Emantla eSantander (eCúcuta, umda neVenezuela)
- IQuindío (Armenia)
- IRisaralda (iPereira)
- ISantander (Bucaramanga)
- IsiTolima (Ibagué)
Ummandla weCaribbean, apho intle kakhulu iba yeyona ininzi
Indawo esemantla eColombia yeyona ihlanjwa luLwandle lweCaribbean, kwaye kuyo kukho ezinye zeelwandle ezimhlophe ezidumileyo, kwaye leyo bathi yeyona dolophu intle kunazo zonke: ICagagena de Indias, I-UNESCO ngokwayo iyichaza njengeyona dolophu intle kwiLatin America ... andizukutsho ngenye indlela. Kule ngingqi sinokufumana ii-archipelagos zaseSan Andrés kunye neProvencencia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ungandwendwela iSierra Nevada de Santa Marta, eyona ntaba iphakamileyo yonxweme emhlabeni enophawu isiqabu saseColombia.
Ukulandela umgca ofanayo, ndicacisa amasebe enza ingingqi yeCaribbean ngamakomkhulu awo:
- IAtlantic (iBarranquilla)
- I-Bolívar (Cartagena de Indias)
- UCesar (uValledupar)
- IsiCordoba (Montería)
- ILa Guajira (iRiohacha), iMagdalena (iSanta Marta)
- I-San Andrés, Providencia kunye neSanta Catalina (San Andrés)
IPacific, iyantlukwano enkulu
IPacific yaseColombia yenye yeengingqi zaseColombia ezibonelela ngokwahluka okukhulu emhlabeni, ngelinye lawona manqanaba aphezulu eentlobo ngesikwere semitha. Lo mmandla ulikhaya leepaki zendalo ezisixhenxe, iintyatyambo kunye nendawo yokugcina izilwanyana, kwiSiqithi saseMalpelo, kwaye ngokungathi oko akonelanga kukho ukubonwa kweminenga, phakathi kukaJulayi noNovemba, ungazicinga. Uninzi lwabantu base-Colombian base-Afro bahlala kummandla walo.
Amasebe oMmandla wePasifiki ngala:
- EChoco (Quibdó)
- Intlambo yaseCauca (Cali)
- ECauca (Popayán)
- IsiNariño (Pasto)
La Orinoquía, apho ubume bendawo obungapheliyo bungenasiphelo
I-Orinoquía yindawo yamathafa asempuma, ihlala ijikeleze uMlambo iOrinoco. Kukule ngingqi apho ikhoyo ikhilomitha ye-Colombia, iziko layo lejografi, ePuerto López. Kwi-Sierra de la Macarena uyakufumana uCaño Cristales, abawubiza ngokuba ngumlambo woothixo okanye wemibala emihlanu, kuba enkosi kwizityalo zasemanzini ezikuloo ndawo zinemibala eyahlukeneyo, ethi ivelise imvakalelo yokuba phambi komnyama onyibilikayo.
Amasebe alo mmandla ngala:
- Inqaku (iVillavicencio)
- IVichada (iPuerto Carreño)
- ICasanare (Yopal)
- IArauca (Arauca)
IAmazon, ihlathi elinyulu elinomdla kakhulu
Okokugqibela, kuyakubakho amasebe engingqi yeAmazon, ngokwesiko:
- IAmazon (iLeticia)
- ICaquetá (eFlorence)
- IGuainía (iPuerto Inírida)
- IGuaviare (iSan Jose)
- I-Putumayo (Mocoa)
- I-Vaupés (Mitú)
Kodwa abanye oomasipala kumasebe aseNariño, eCauca, eMeta naseVichada bayathathelwa ingqalelo, nabangabommandla we-Orioquía.
Lo mmandla, ungowona mkhulu kummandla wesizwe, kuba ungena kwihlathi laseAmazon, yeyona ndawo ingenabemi baninzi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba iyeyona inamahlathi amaninzi. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho eyenzeka namhlanje eAmazon ayigcini imvisiswano nembonakalo yomhlaba okanye nabemi bomthonyama.
Njengoko ubona, iColombia yahluke kakhulu, kwaye khumbula ukuba sisizwe esineentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinabantu bomthonyama abangama-84, iilwimi zomthonyama ezingama-60, kunye nenzala yabantu abangama-Afro abathi, ekubeni bembalwa, bedlula kwi-10% yabantu bebonke.
Imimandla yemveli kumasebe
Ndikuxelele ukuba le yimimandla yaseColombia, enamasebe kunye namakomkhulu awo, kukho i ukwamkelwa kwemimandla yemveli ukusukela kuMgaqo-siseko ka-1991.
Le mimandla yemveli eColombia zenziwe ngesivumelwano phakathi kukarhulumente kunye noluntu lwemveli. Ukuba oku kubandakanya ngaphezulu kwesebe elinye okanye umasipala, oorhulumente basekhaya babalawula ngokudibeneyo namabhunga emveli. Ukongeza, le mimandla yemveli ingangumbutho wendawo ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Imimandla yemveli igubungela ummandla ophantse ube ziihektare ezingama-31.000, kwaye ubukhulu becala zifumaneka kumasebe eAmazonas, eCauca, eLa Guajira, eGuaviare naseVaupés.
Umbutho wezopolitiko wamasebe
Ukuqhubeka nombutho wezopolitiko waseColombia, kulungile ukuba uyazi loo nto isebe ngalinye linendibano yesebe, phakathi kwamasekela ali-11 ukuya kwangama-50, anyulwe kunyulo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-4, ngokuzilawula kolawulo nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Irhuluneli okanye irhuluneli inyulwe ngokuthe ngqo ngokwentando yesininzi, bonke abantu baseColombia abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-18 ubudala, abahlala kwisebe, nokuba bangazalelwa kwelinye, benekhadi lokuba ngabemi kwaye ubungqina bunokuvota. Irhuluneli ayinakumela ukuphinda ukhethe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazibeka bhetele kwimephu yezopolitiko kunye nejografi yaseColombia, ilizwe elihle njengoko lahlukile kunethemba lokuba sikufundise izinto ezininzi malunga Imimandla yaseColombia.