Umlambo waseMagdalena ngembali yaseColombia

El Umlambo waseMagdalena Ngowona mlambo ubaluleke kakhulu emlanjeni Kholambiya zombini ubude bayo kunye nomthamo kunye nobunzima bayo bembali. Izalwe kwiimitha ezingama-3.685 zokuphakama kwi IParamo de las Papas, emazantsi ePuracé Natural National Park kumda ophakathi kwamasebe aseHuila naseCauca. Ingena emanzini oLwandle lweCaribbean emva kohambo olude lweekhilomitha ezingama-1.548 oluhamba lusuka emazantsi luye emantla ngakwintlambo ye-Andean.

Kuyo yonke ikhosi yayo uMlambo iMagdalena uwela uye kutsho amasebe alishumi elinanye aseColombia: Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Antioquia, Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Caldas, Tolima, kunye noHuila. Aba ngabona bantu bahlala elizweni. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kwimbono yezoqoqosho.

Ngaphandle kokungabi ngowona mlambo mde eColombia okanye oyena unamandla (uPutumayo uyagqitha kuwo omabini la macandelo), endaweni yoko umthambo omkhulu welizwe. Oku kungenxa yenxalenye enkulu kwinto yokuba kuhamba ngenqanawa ukusuka kwidolophu yase Honda Ukuya emlonyeni wayo kunye nexesha elininzi lendlela ephambili yayo, uMlambo iCauca. Zizonke, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-990.

Ngokuchanekileyo kwiHonda yiyona KwiMyuziyam yoMlambo iMagdalena, indawo elungileyo yokufunda zonke iimfihlelo zalo mlambo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ngokwembali.

Amaxesha angaphambi kweColumbian: umlambo ongcwele

Abantu abahlukeneyo bemveli ababehlala kummandla wangoku waseColombia ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu babecinga iMagdalena a umlambo ongcwele.

Amanzi alo ayenqulwa njengomthombo wobomi. Abantu ababehlala kufutshane nokuzalwa kwakhe bambiza Yuma, igama elinokuguqulelwa "njengomlambo welizwe elinobuhlobo kunye neentaba" kananjalo ICaripuaña okanye "umlambo omkhulu."

Lonke ikhosi lafumana amanye amagama anje UAli ("Umlambo weNtlanzi"), ngokubhekisele ekulobeni kakhulu okubonelelwa ngamanzi alo. Yayisaziwa nangabantu abathile njenge Macaw .

Umlambo waseMagdalena ngexesha lobukoloniyali

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, aboyisi baseSpain bafumanisa ukuba uMlambo iMagdalena yeyona ndlela yokungena kumbindi weli lizwe ongazinzanga. IColombia inendawo engqwabalala nenobunzima.

Ukufunyanwa ngabakholoniyali kubangelwa URodrigo de Bastidas ngo-1501. Nguye owabhaptiza umlambo ngegama iRio Grande de la Magdalena, ngembeko yeSanta María Magdalena. Wayenguye owabiza indawo yomlomo njengo Imilomo yomlotha, ngombala we-ashen wamanzi omlambo alayishwe ngamanqwanqwa xa ungena elwandle.

Uhambo lokuqala lokuya emlanjeni aluzange lubekho de kube li-1519, nge UJerónimo de Melo ngokomyalelo wayo.

Ngalo lonke ixesha lolawulo lwaseSpain, uMlambo iMagdalena yayikukuphela kwendlela apho ikomkhulu lobukoloniyali, USanta Fe de Bogota, kwathethwa ngalo nonxweme lweAtlantiki. Kwakukho izibuko lokuqala lelizwekazi laseMelika, ICagagena de Indias, kangangeminyaka emininzi unxibelelwano oluphambili phakathi kweYurophu neMelika.

Ixesha leRiphabhlikhi kwaye langoku

La Ubudala begolide bokuhamba kwemilambo kuMlambo iMagdalena ungqamene namashumi eminyaka okuqala obukho beRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia. Emva kwexesha, ngokukhula kothungelwano lwendlela, uphuhliso lukaloliwe kunye nokuvulwa kwe Canama Canal ngo-1914 (olwalulukhuphiswano olungenakoyiswa kunxibelelwano phakathi kweelwandle ezimbini) ukubaluleka kwalo kwehlile.

Ukusukela ngoko kude kube namhlanje, zininzi amadama, amadama kunye nemveliso yokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi. Umlambo waseMagdalena unomyinge wokuhamba okungama-7.200 eekyubhiki mitha ngomzuzwana.

Elona likhulu kula madama okwenziwa yile eGuájaro, phakathi kwezixeko zaseBarranquilla naseCagagena, ezinommandla weehektare ezingama-16.000, nangona eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yamandla yile Sog future, ebekwe kwisebe leSantander. Yonke le misebenzi, engaphezulu kwamashumi amabini ecaleni komlambo, itshintshe iimeko zemijelo yendalo.

Ezona zisongelo zijamelene nomlambo kukusasazeka kweendawo zokuhlala ezidolophini kunye nokuxhatshazwa okungalawulwayo kobutyebi bendalo. Oku kubangela ukungcoliseka komhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi. Ngo-1991 i Umbutho weRio Grande de la Magdalena (eCormagdalena) ukuqondisa nokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo yophuhliso nokhuselo lwesitya.

Isishwankathelo, kunokuthiwa uMlambo waseMagdalena uyenzeka, kunye neCauca, i-axis enkulu yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho eColombia. Kwelinye icala, ukubaluleka kwayo kwejografi-indawo, okusingqongileyo, inkcubeko, intlalo, ezoqoqosho, inani labantu, ukubaluleka kwedolophu kunye nembali nako kuyaphawuleka.