Izakhiwo ezi-5 ezidumileyo eMelika

Ukusuka empuma kuye entshona, i-United States lilizwe elikhulu elinezona zixeko zibalulekileyo emhlabeni. Enye yazo yiWashington, eyona ndawo inamandla kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho. Kwikomkhulu singandwendwela izakhiwo ezininzi ezidumileyo nezifanelekileyo kwimbali yelizwe eziye zavela kwiifilimu ezininzi. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba imalunga nantoni? Qhubeka nokufunda!

INdlu yeNdlu

Indawo yokuhlala esemthethweni kunye nendawo yokusebenzela kaMongameli wase-United States of America, i-White House, sesinye sezona zakhiwo zidumileyo kweli lizwe kunye nomqondiso.

Yakhiwa emva koMthetho weNgqungquthela ngo-1790 kwisitayela se-neoclassical kwilinge likaGeorge Washington, eqinisekisa isidingo sokwakha indawo yokuhlala kamongameli kufutshane noMlambo iPotomac. Imisebenzi yanikwa umyili wezakhiwo uJames Hoban owaphefumlelwa kwinqaba yaseRastignac eFrance kuyilo lwayo kwaye yathatha ixesha elingaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi ukuyigqiba. Nangona kunjalo, uMongameli Washington akazange eze kuhlala kwisakhiwo esitsha kodwa wasungulwa ngulowo wangena ezihlangwini zakhe uJohn Adams.

Isakhiwo sokuqala asizange sihlale ixesha elide njengoko amajoni amaNgesi atshabalalisa ngo-1814 ngokuziphindezela ngokutshiswa kwePalamente eCanada, ke amaMelika kwafuneka ayakhe ngokutsha eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "House of the President". Ukusukela ngoko, izandiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nophuculo lwenziwe kulwakhiwo. IOval Office edumileyo kunye neWing Wing zakhiwa ngo-1902 ngexesha likaMongameli Roosvelt. Ngelixa iphiko laseMpuma longezwa ngexesha lokuhlala kukaTruman. Sagqitywa ke ngoko isakhiwo esaziyo namhlanje.

Ifumaneka kwi-1.600 Pennsylvania Avenue eWashington, i-White House yaziwa ngokuba yindawo yayo yangemva, enye inevaranda embindini. Ngaphandle, ubukhulu bayo bubonakala buncinci kwaye bambalwa kuphela ababaziyo ubungakanani bayo bokwenyani: ngaphezulu kwamagumbi ali-130, izindlu zangasese ezingama-35, iindawo zokucima umlilo ezingama-30, izitepsi ezingama-60 kunye neekhetshi ezisi-7 ezisasazeke ngaphezulu kwemigangatho emi-6 kunye neemitha zesikwere ezingama-5.100.

Ngaba ungandwendwela?

Ecaleni kweNdlu yeWhite yiZiko leNdwendwe labamhlophe leVenkile, elivulelekileyo eluntwini. Ukutyelela iNdlu eNtshonalanga ngetyelelo lwangaphakathi kunokwenzeka kuphela kubemi base-US. Bakhululekile kodwa kuya kufuneka wenze ugcino kwiinyanga kwangaphambili ngokubhalela ummeli weCongress. Kubaphambukeli ngeli xesha akwenzeki ke kuya kufuneka uzinze ngokubona iNdlu eNkulu ngaphandle.

Icawa yaseWashington

Enye yezona ndawo zintle zecawa kwimpuma yeUnited States yiWashington National Cathedral. Yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu elizweni emva kweBasilica yeNational Shrine ye-Immaculate Conception kwiSithili saseColumbia (kufutshane kakhulu neWashington) kunye necawa enkulu yesithandathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

I-Neo-Gothic ngesitayile, iWashington National Cathedral ikhumbuza kakhulu ii-basilicas zaseYurophu kwaye zinikezelwe kubaPostile uPeter noPeter Paul. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye yeyebandla le-Episcopal eMelika.

Ukuba ngeholide yakho eWashington ungathanda ukutyelela le tempile, Uya kuyifumana kwindibano phakathi kweWisconsin neMassachusetts Avenues, emantla mpuma kwikomkhulu. Kwabhalwa njengesikhumbuzo kwiRejista kaZwelonke yeeNdawo zeMbali kunye nokufuna ukwazi, ukuba ujonga kwinqaba esemantla kukho igargoyle enesigcina-ntloko sikaDarth Vader ovela kwi-Star Wars. Okungaqhelekanga, akunjalo?

Indawo eyaziwayo yenkcubeko yaphelela ekubeni yinxalenye yecawa enkulu kuba iphephancwadi i-National Geographic World labamba ukhuphiswano loyilo lwabantwana apho okhuphisanayo uChristopher Rader wathabatha indawo yesithathu ngalo mzobo. Emva kokhuphiswano, lo mzobo wenziwa oqingqiweyo kunye neminye imizobo ephumeleleyo (intombazana eneebraids, iraccoon kunye nendoda eneambrela) ukuhombisa phezulu kwinqaba yomntla-ntshona weWashington Cathedral.

Isikhumbuzo sikaJefferson

UThomas Jefferson ubuntu obabubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yaseMelika. Wayengumdrafti ophambili weSibhengezo senkululeko, uNobhala wokuqala welizwe kurhulumente waseGeorge Washington, ongomnye wooyise besizwe kunye nomongameli wesithathu emva kokuphumelela uJohn Adams. Ekugqibeleni, e-United States kuninzi ekufuneka kukhunjulwe uThomas Jefferson kwaye ilitye lakhe lesikhumbuzo linikezelwe kwimemori yakhe.

Isikhumbuzo sise-West Potomac Park, ebhankini loMlambo wasePotomac. Yayalelwa ukuba yakhiwe nguMongameli uFranklin D. Roosvelt ngo-1934 nanjengoko wayemthanda kakhulu usopolitiki. Uyilo loyilo lwaphefumlelwa nguMonticello, indlu kaThomas Jefferson, eyathi yaphefumlelwa yiPantheon eRoma.

Ukuba ngaphandle iSikhumbuzo iJefferson sihle, ngaphakathi kuyamangalisa kuba ihonjiswe ngemibhalo ebhaliweyo ecaphula amazwi alo mongameli nangamaqhekeza eSibhengezo senkululeko saseMelika.

I-United States iCapitol

Sesinye sezona zakhiwo zintle eWashington esikummandla waseCapitol Hill kwaye luphawu olubonisa idemokhrasi yaseMelika. Amandla owiso-mthetho kurhulumente wase-United States agxile apho: iNdlu yabaMeli kunye neNdlu yeeNgwevu.

I-United States Capitol yenzelwe nguWilliam Thornton kwaye inqanaba lokuqala lagqitywa kwii-XNUMXs zakuqala. Kamva, abanye abayili benza iinguqulelo, nto leyo yanika ezintsonkothileyo nesimbo neoclassical.

Inqanaba lokuqala lagqitywa ngonyaka we-1800 kwaye yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi esixekweni. Abacwangcisi bezakhiwo uThomas U. Walter noAugust Schoenborn bayile idome yangoku embindini wesakhiwo esixhonywe ngumfanekiso obhinqileyo, ubume bawo bunokubonwa buqamama njengoko iindlela zaseMaryland nasePennsylvania ziphelela apho.

Abo bakhethe isiza sokwakha i-United States Capitol babethelela isikhonkwane entloko kuba ukubekwa phezu kwenduli kubonakala kukhulu kakhulu, ongumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wesimboli yamandla..

Isikhumbuzo seLincoln

Esinye sezona zakhiwo zidumileyo eUnited States sisikhumbuzo saseLincoln, ilitye lesikhumbuzo elinomtsalane elinikezelwe kumfanekiso ka-Abraham Lincoln, umongameli weshumi elinesithandathu welizwe.ezifumaneka epakini embindini wedolophu enkulu eyaziwa njengeNational Mall Nazi ezinye izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-Obelisk yaseWashington, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaGener Grant kunye nesikhumbuzo saseLincoln, amanani amathathu afanelekileyo kwimbali yaseMelika.

Eyasungulwa ngo-1922, iSikhumbuzo saseLincoln sisakhiwo esakhiwe ngetempile yamaGrike i-National Congress eyayifuna ukuyibeka ngenjongo yokunika imbeko kwezopolitiko. Izinyuko ezinkulu zikhokelela kwigumbi apho sinokubona khona umfanekiso oqingqiweyo omkhulu ka-Abraham Lincoln (nguDaniel Chester French), imizobo eyahlukeneyo yangaphakathi kunye nemibhalo emibini enezicatshulwa ezivela kwezinye zeentetho zikamongameli.

Ngo-1963 iSikhumbuzo saseLincoln yayingumboniso wentetho edumileyo ethi "Ndinephupha" ngumfundisi kunye nomlweli wamalungelo oluntu uMartin Luther King. KwiNational Mall ungabona nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo onikezelwe kumfanekiso wakhe kwiimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwisikhumbuzo.

Ngaba ungandwendwela?

Ukwamkelwa kwiSikhumbuzo saseLincoln simahla kwaye kuvulwa ukusuka nge-8 kusasa ukuya kwi-12 ekuseni.