I-Taiga yaseSiberia

hlathi okanye ihlathi le-boreal ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchonga indalo ethile, leyo yamahlathi amakhulu e-coniferous ahlula kwimimandla esemantla eplanethi, kumda we-Arctic.

Igama elithi taiga sisiRashiya, nangona livela kwi- ulwimi lwe-yakuta, Ithethwa zizizwe ezahlukeneyo zaseSiberia zaseTurkic. Intsingiselo yayo "yindawo engabemi" okanye "indawo yehlathi." Nangona iikhonsepthi zisenokubonakala zahlukile ngokwamabanga, ngokwembono yoluntu olulekayo lokuhambahamba ziyafana.

Imimandla ye-taiga ithatha amazwekazi amathathu: ENyakatho Melika, Ngokukodwa Canada, i Yurophu Yurophu y eSiberia, eRashiya. Kulapho le mihlaba inamahlathi amakhulu kwaye ifumana ubungangamsha obukhulu. Ngokubanzi, xa umntu ethetha nge-taiga, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo umntu uthetha nge-taiga yaseSiberia, eyona taiga inyanisekileyo.

Eli hlathi lingenasiphelo linabela kumawakawaka eekhilomitha ngaphandle kwekhefu (malunga ne-7.000 km ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona), ukutyhubela iintaba, amathafa kunye nemigxobhozo. Amanye amahlathi emi kweli hlathi laseSiberia aphakathi kweyona indala kwesi sijikelezi-langa.

I-Taiga yaseNtshona yeSiberia

La I-taiga yasentshona siberian Lihlathi elikhulu elihlala ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa phakathi kwe Iintaba zeUral kunye Umlambo waseYenisei. Lilihlathi elikhulu, elinyulu eligubungela ummandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezili-1.670.000.

Lo mmandla uphela awuhlali, nangona kwimida esemazantsi yehlathi kukho izixeko ezikhulu nezibalulekileyo ezinje Yekaterinburg, apho kuhlala khona abantu abamalunga nama-300.000. Ngasentla, emva komda wotshintsho omalunga neekhilomitha ezili-100, ihlathi linika indlela emathafeni.

Ngenxa yobubanzi, i mozulu Ihlathi laseSiberia liyabanda ubukhulu becala. Yaziwa ngokuba yimozulu enesithukuthezi, ephawuleka ngehlobo elifutshane, elomileyo kakhulu kunye nobusika obude nobunzima. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ehlotyeni awahlali ngaphaya kwe-18-19º C, kodwa ebusika ehla aye -30º C. Imvula enesilinganiso esiphakathi yi-450-500 mm ngonyaka.

Phakathi kwezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu ezikhuselweyo kwingingqi, kufuneka sikhankanye UDenezhkin Kamen, Ilmen, Sosva, Pripyshminskiye Bory kunye neYugansky yolondolozo lwendalo. Oovimba baziwa eRashiya ngegama zokuvednik, Oko kukuthi "indawo ehlala isendle."

Uhlaza oluqhelekileyo lwe-taiga yaseSiberia

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zemithi yetaiga yaseSiberia zezi amakhonkco, zide kwaye zihlala ziluhlaza. Kwimimandla esemantla zixhaphake kakhulu imibungu, iifirs, i-spruces kunye nemipini emnyama. Emazantsi, kwelinye icala, ii-conifers zixubana nezinye iintlobo zemithi enqabileyo enje iimephu, ii-birches, imithi ye-ash, i-willows y Imithi yom-oki.

Izithsaba zemithi, eziphakamileyo kwaye zingqindilili, azikuvumeli ukugqitha kwelanga, ke zikhula ngaphezulu kwazo zonke kumgangatho womhlaba I-lichen kunye ne-mossKuqikelelwa ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-40 zomhlaba kwi-taiga zikhukula. Kule mimandla ifumileyo ngakumbi iipeat bogs zininzi. Kumazantsi-ntshona alo mmandla yi Umgxobhozo waseVasyugan, yenye yezona migxobhozo zinkulu ehlabathini, ipeat yayo efikelela kubunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezi-2. Kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni ezisemantla, ngaphandle kwemithi, umhlaba ngumkhenkce yi iqabaka.

Kwihlathi laseSiberia, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemazantsi, kukwakho izihlahla eziqhelekileyo zamahlathi axubeneyo. Phakathi kwezona zityalo zibalaseleyo zejikijolo zezi Iirobhothi, i ierranberries, Las Iirisbheri zearctic okanye i-buckthorn. Ngentwasahlobo, xa kususwa ikhephu, ziyavela iintyatyambo ezimhlophe.

Izilwanyana zeTaiga

Amahlathi amakhulu ehlathi yindawo yokuhlala yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo sifumana iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezitya uhlaza ezifana ne Reno, i Ixhama okanye inyamakazi. Zininzi neempuku, ezivela umvundla omhlophe, la marta kunye mink ukuya kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze oonomatse, imivundla kunye neempuku.

Ezona canivores ziphambili zezi ingcuka, i impungutye, i I-lynx kunye weasel. Inkqubo ye- ibhere emdaka, Esinye sezona zilwanyana zimele izilwanyana zezilwanyana zeli hlabathi laseSiberia.

Phakathi kweentaka kufuneka sigqamise ezinye ii-raptors ezinje nge ukhetshe, i Ukhozi kunye isikhova seArctic. Kwezona ndawo zikumazantsi bahlala nase umnyama omnyama kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentaka zehlathi ezinje nge ungqatyana okanye umthi womthi. Ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo yale mimandla, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo azixhaphakanga, nangona ezinye iintlobo ze amacikilishe kunye namarhamba.

Inani elikhulu lezilwanyana lisinda kubusika obude, obubandayo kunye nekhephu kwitaiga yaseSiberia ngokwamkela imeko ye i-anabiosis (kwimeko yezilwanyana ezingenamqolo) okanye hibernación (njengezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezifana nebhere emdaka okanye unomatse). Iintaka "zibaleka" kwimeko yezulu enzima ngokufudukela emazantsi.