Xa ngo-1974 umfama ogama linguYang Zhifa waqala ukumba iqula kangangeyure ukusuka eXi'an, kwiphondo lase-Shaanxi e-China, wayengenakucinga ukuba angaphela eyifumana. Amawaka ama-8 amawaka amajoni kunye namahashe enziwe kwi-terracotta, zonke ziyalelwe ukuba zakhiwe ngumlawuli othe phithi yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Kwiminyaka kamva, I-Terracotta Warriors iyaqhubeka nokuba yimfihlo enkulu yase China ityhilwe kwihlabathi kwaye mhlawumbi yenye yezona zinomtsalane.
Amagorha eTerracotta: Umkhosi oQiqayo woMkhosi
Kukho amabali amaninzi malunga neTerracotta Warriors, kodwa inyani kukuba imvelaphi yala manani angama-8 amawaka awodwa anegama: UQin shi huang (260 BC - 210 BC), ithathwa njengoMlawuli wokuqala wase China. U-Huang waphumelela ukudibanisa ilizwe liphela ngo-221 BC, ebhengeza uguquko kwezemali, kwezomkhosi nakwezobugcisa apho sifumana izinto ezifana nomzobo wokuqala Udonga Olukhulu lwase China, inkqubo entsha yokubhala, iindlela ezinkulu, okanye ukuqeshwa kwemikhosi yamagcisa ukuze ivelise ezona mfuno zazo zibalaseleyo.
Kuya kuba kuhambo oluya eMpuma China, ngokutsho kwabaninzi ekukhangeleni iziqithi zokungafi, xa uHuang eza kutyhefelwa- kukholelwa ukuba nge-mercury - kwaye kamva wangcwatywa kule ndawo idumileyo ngoku. I-Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, emi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 empuma yesixeko saseXi'an. Kukwakholelwa ukuba, ngexesha layo, ubunzima ngokwabo babunedome efikelela kwiimitha ezili-100 eyilelwe ukuze uMlawuli wokuQala aqhubeke nokulawula ukusuka «Ngaphaya».
Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukuya kuthi ga kuma-8 amanani e-terracotta afakwa asasazeka ngaphezulu kweendlela ezintathu ezahlulwe zizitena ecaleni kwe-mausoleum. Amanani asebenzela ukurekhoda iimpembelelo zobugcisa bexesha elibonakaliswe yimpumelelo enkulu kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo nakwimbali, kuba ngaphandle kwexesha, amajoni aqhubeka nokuba yimibala emininzi, amabinzana kunye neentsingiselo.
Ixesha elingaphezulu, ii-moats zabanjiswa ngumhlaba ngokwawo, zikhupha amakhulu eentsomi ezazisasazwa ngomlomo ngabahlali bendawo. Ngapha koko, kuthiwa uninzi lwabo, xa bemba amaqula okanye besebenza umhlaba, bafumana iziqwenga zala magorha babakhulelweyo njengeziqalekisiweyo, njengemithetho. Nangona kunjalo, iyakuba ngumlimi, uYang Zhifa, owathi ngo-1974 avakalise isandi xa efumana ukufikelela kula mangcwaba aqingqiweyo xa wayezama ukumba iqula nosapho kunye nomnye wabamelwane bakhe.
Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, abembi bezinto zakudala abavela kwihlabathi liphela beza ukuchitha lo mkhosi uleleyo kwaye bawazise umhlaba.
ITerracotta Warriors: yintoni efihlwa ludaka
Kwi-1979, umhadi, i-200 yeemitha ubude nge-50 ububanzi, yavulwa eluntwini, ichongiwe Ilifa lemveli le-Unesco ngo-1987. Ekuqaleni kwavulwa amanani angama-7500 XNUMX, nangona kule minyaka ilandelayo kwafunyanwa izinto ezinje ngeenqwelo zobhedu, imifanekiso yamajoni amancinci kunye neentsalela zesikrweqe.
Nangona kukho iingcali ezininzi Bakholelwa ekubeni ukwandiswa kwala manani kunokuba nemvelaphi yasentshona Emva kokufika okucingelwayo kwamaGrike kule ndawo iminyaka eyi-1500 ngaphambi kokuphakama kwamandla eQin Qin, okwangoku kusaqwalaselwa ukuba, ngaphandle kobugcisa obuncinci obabulawula e-China ngelo xesha, ubukho bobukhulu bobomi amanani (malunga no-1.80, bebeya kuba ngumbono woMlawuli wokuqala ekuzameni kwakhe ukubuyisela umfanekiso waseTshayina welo xesha.
Amagorha eTerracotta adlala ubuntu bawo, nangona egweba ngamadevu abo ngebabenjalo yenziwe ngokusekwe kwiifayile ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo zaseMpuma. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba namhlanje bajongeka ngathi baphelile kwaye kunzima ukuxabisa iithoni zabo ngenxa yodaka, uphando luqinisekisile ukuba babepeyintiwe ngemibala ebomvu nepinki (ukulinganisa umbala wolusu), ukongeza kublue nakwigolide. Izixhobo zabo zazikhulelwe kunye ne-terracotta, ixhaswe kwiithayile ezifihliweyo ezazigxininisa iimpawu zomkhosi kumanani ngamnye.
Namhlanje Umsele wamagorha eTerracotta unokutyelelwa empuma yeXi'An, yajika yaba sisalathiso sokhenketho mhlawumbi esinokufikelelwa kwisixeko saseXi'An uqobo. Iibhasi ezahlukileyo zishiya isikhululo sikaloliwe kwaye zibiza ixabiso le-yuan ye-7 (i-0.88 euro), njengoko kunjalo ngebhasi 306 (zonke ezinye iiteksi zihlala zibiza imali eninzi, kodwa ungasoloko ujikeleza).
Nje ukuba ufike kwisixeko saseXi'An, unokhetho lokuyindwendwela ngolunye lohambo oluqhelekileyo lwabakhenkethi olunikezelwa ziiofisi zabakhenkethi okanye iihotele ngokwazo. Ukwahlula uhambo ngesantya sakho, ukwahlula ixesha phakathi kwamangcwaba eQin Shi Huang, iTerracotta Warriors okanye iiHuang Baths ezidumileyo lolunye ukhetho.
Ixabiso lokungena ngokundwendwela amanani ayi-8 lamawaka zii-110 yuan (I-euro ezingama-13) kunye nebhokisi yeofisi ivulwa kude kube ngu-17: 00 emva kwemini ehlotyeni nango-08: 30 ekuseni ukuya ku-16: 30 ngokuhlwa ngexesha lasebusika.
Ithuba elilungileyo lokundwendwela elona lifa likhulu lomlawuli ingcwaba lakhe lisalele livaliwe, liqukethe iimfihlo ezininzi, ukuba zifunyenwe, zinokutshiswa ngumoya wangoku ngokwawo ngokweengcali.
Ngaba ungathanda ukundwendwela iTerracotta Warriors eyaziwayo?