Uyilo lwakudala lwaseTshayina, ubugcisa bokhuni kunye nezitena

Uyilo lwakudala lwesiTshayina ibaluleke kangangokuba ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokwakha yehlabathi. Ngembali yayo yeminyaka eliwaka, i-China ikwazile ukwenza isitayile sayo sokwakha ngokusekwe kwimithi kunye nangokukrola ngezitena, izakhiwo zomhlaba ezinamakhonkco, izakhiwo zecube arch ezinomtsalane, njl. I-Great Wall yase China, iMausoleum yoMlawuli wokuQala Ngokuqinisekileyo okanye iSixeko esingavumelekangayimizekelo nje embalwa yoyilo lwayo olunomdla.  

Iimpawu zoyilo lwakudala lwaseTshayina

Ngokufanelekileyo, yenye yezona zinto zibalasele kwifayile ye- Uyilo lwakudala lwaseTshayina kukusetyenziswa kwesakhelo somthi. Ku yaziwa ukuba amaTshayina Bongeze imizobo kunye nemikrolo yomsebenzi wokwakha ngenjongo yokwenza ukuba ibe ntle kwaye ibe nomtsalane. Ezona zakhiwo zidala eTshayina zabuyela kwixesha lobukhosi beShang, ukusuka nge-16th century BC ukuya kwi-771 BC. Inemigaqo yayo esisiseko yoyilo kunye nolwakhiwo, ke ngoko imimangaliso yoyilo eyenziwe ngabasebenzi abasebenza nzima nabakrelekrele yenziwe kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Umthi njengeyona nto iphambili yoyilo e-China

Uyilo lwakudala lwaseTshayina ikakhulu lusekwe kwimithi. Kuqhelekile ukufumana iipali zomthi, imiqadi, kunye neelaphu, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ubume bezakhiwo. Kwelinye icala, iindonga zisebenza njengokwahlulwa kwamagumbi kodwa ngokukodwa ukuba eneneni awuthwali ubunzima bolwakhiwo xa lulonke njengoko kuqhelekile kwezinye izakhiwo. Olu luphawu olwahlukileyo loyilo lwakudala lwaseTshayina.

Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba izinto ezikhethekileyo zomthi zifuna iindlela zokulwa i-antisepsis ukujika umhombiso wase China ube umzobo wobugcisa. Akukho nto, inxalenye enkulu yokwakhiwa kunye nezakhiwo ezinokubaluleka okukhulu kwinkcubeko yelizwe zinophahla lwemibala yoqweqwe lwawo, kunye neefestile ezinoyilo olugqibeleleyo, iipateni zeentyatyambo ezintle kwiintsika zomthi, ezibonisa kunye inqanaba lobugcisa kunye nengcinga etyebileyo yabakhi baseTshayina.

Kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ubume bendawo eyintendelezo yahlukile eTshayina. Oko kukuthi, olona lwakhiwo lubekwe kwi-axis esembindini wepatio, ngelixa izakhiwo ezithathwa njengezingabalulekanga zibekwe ngasekhohlo nasekunene. Into ebangela umdla nangakumbi kukuba uyilo olupheleleyo lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo luyalingana kwaye ukuba luthelekiswa indlela yaseYurophu yokwakha, inokuqatshelwa ngokulula ukuba indlela yokwakha yaseTshayina ivulekile kwaye ivaliwe, kunye nenkundla ifana nokongezwa komsebenzi wepeyinti ekufuneka uphunyezwe kancinci kancinci.

Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, imbonakalo-mhlaba yahlukile kwipatiyo nganye, ke nangona ezi ntlobo zolwakhiwo zindwendwelwe, siyaqonda ukuba lonke uyilo lunokuxatyiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwangokunjalo, kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi, akukho zimbini iifestile apho umbono uhlala ufana.

Izitayile zamandulo zaseTshayina

Sitshilo ekuqaleni ukuba uyilo lwamandulo lwetshayina isebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha izakhiwo zayo. Ngenxa yoko kukho ezahlukeneyo Izitayile zokwakha e-China, phakathi kwazo:

Uyilo lobukhosi

Luhlobo loyilo olubandakanya amabhotwe asebukhosini, izitiya kunye namangcwaba. Le ndlela yoyilo ihlala yamkela ulungelelwaniso lwe-axial symetry ngenjongo yokubonakalisa ubukhulu be amandla omlawuli. Ke, kukho izakhiwo ezine-axis embindini ende kwaye entle, ngelixa ulwakhiwo lonke lugcinwa ngezinto ezincinci nezilula.

Uyilo lwegadi

Kwihlabathi liphela igadi zeshayina Zidume ngokwahluka kwazo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukwizinga eliphezulu lobugcisa. Eli candelo lezandla alikho kuphela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zegadi, kodwa linento yokwenza nombono owakhayo nowahlukileyo weendlela ezisetyenziswa ngabakhi baseTshayina kunye neengcibi.

Uyilo lwenkolo

Ngokubanzi, uyilo lwenkolo okanye lobuBuddha, lulandela isitayile sobukumkani. Ke, i-monastery enkulu yamaBuddha ihlala inepaseji yangaphambili apho une umfanekiso oqingqiweyo we IBodhisattva, Ukongeza kwipaseji enkulu, apho bahlala bedibana khona Imizobo ye Buddha. Ezi zakhiwo zonqulo zihlala zinee-pagodas, ezinokugcina izinto ezingcwele ze UBuddha Gautama. Ngale ndlela, ii-pagodas ezindala zihlala zinecala, ngelixa ezona pagodas zangoku, oko kukuthi, zihlala zinamacala asibhozo.

Iitempile zaseTshayina

Iitempile ubukhulu becala zibonisa imbali yakudala kunye nenkcubeko enkulu yase China, yiyo loo nto zithathwa njengobuncwane bokwakha bokwenene. Iitempile zamaBuddhist njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, zibandakanya itempile, ipagoda kunye negrotto. Ngokwenxalenye yabo, iitempile zikaTao zaziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo njenge Gong, Guan o An.

Nangeyiphi ndlela, Iitempile e China zizinto zenkcubeko eziye zahlala ebukhosini nganye. Inkcubeko yetempile eyinxalenye yayo, ikwanefuthe kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bamaTshayina, kubandakanya ukupeyinta, ukubhala amagama, umculo, kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo kwaye nobugcisa ngokwabo.