Bathetha lonto eJapan, izithethe zala maxesha nezakudala zidibene zilunge ngokugqibeleleyo, Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba inyani kukuba lilizwe elinobungqingqwa kuye nawuphi na umntu waseNtshona, onokuthi cwaka, kwaye Ubumnandi obusinikwe bubugcisa bayo obubonakaliswe kubucukubucwebe beeseramiki, iitempile zayo, ubizo lwazo kunye nemizobo, ukuthandeka kwamalaphu ayo, kunye nokuthamba kweefom zobonakaliso bayo obuninzi kunye noqobo bobugcisa.
Kweli nqaku ndiza kukuxelela ngamanye amabinzana obugcisa athe kwimbali yaseJapan enzeka, apho nayiphi na indalo yobugcisa ine-intuition enzulu yefilosofi yenyani. Uninzi lwezi zinto zemveli zilahlekile, ezinye zenziwe ngamashishini, kwaye iziqwenga zazo zithengiswa kuyo yonke indawo.
ICeramic yodongwe
Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu, ezichongiweyo kunye nezeseramikhi zakudala zaseJapan ziiCeramics Umhlali, uya kwangoko ukwahlula ngobulukhuni bentsimbi, umbala obomvu, ngaphandle koqweqwe lwawo, nangona kukho umkhondo womlotha otyhidiweyo ungabonakala ngathi uyi-enamel kunye neempawu ezibangelwa ngumlilo we-oveni yomthi.
Imisebenzi yezandla yaseBizen, ethatha iifom ezininzi, iveliswa kancinci, ixesha elide. Umlilo weenkuni kufuneka ugcinwe kubushushu obuphezulu kangangeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14 ezibandakanya iiyure ezinde kunye neetoni zokhuni, ke ngoko ukudubula kwenzeka kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka.
I-porcelain yaseJapan
- Obo bunandi kunye nobuhle be I-porcelain yaseJapan ivela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMXNgaphambili, kwakungekho nto ifana nayo, kwaye yavela kwisandla samagcisa aseKorea afika kwingingqi yakudala yaseHizen kwisiqithi saseKyūshū, aza aqala iYurophu kwizibuko laseImari, yiyo loo nto yaziwa njenge porcelain imari. Kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane, eJapan ubumbeko lwalusenziwa kuphela kule ndawo, kodwa kusekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe apho yaqala ukuveliswa eKyoto nakwezinye iidolophu.
- Olunye uhlobo lwe porcelain yile ikakiemon, Ngomhlobiso we-polychrome, Yayilwa ngu Sakaida Kakiemon (1595-1666). Ezinye zeempawu zamaqhekeza ziindonga zazo ezibhityileyo, isiseko sazo esimhlophe kakhulu kunye nomgangatho omangalisayo wee-enamel zazo ezinemibala.
- Uphawu kakhulu porcelain kutani, ngemvelaphi yayo yegolide kunye nemibala yayo emihlanu: mthubi, luhlaza, bomvu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemfusa, kwaye kumnyama, kwaye kubonakalisa ubuhle bendalo, ubukhulu becala ngeentyatyambo kunye neentaka.
- Iiceramics okanye i-porcelain nabeshima iyafana nokugqibelela ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nobuchule bakhe obukhethekileyo.
- I-porcelain kaSatsuma ibonakaliswa ngokuhombisa, enemibala ye-polychrome kwaye ihonjiswe ngegolide. Ihlelwe ngokwamacandelo amabini abanzi, isitayile ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, kunye nomhombiso phantsi kwe-glaze; kunye nesitayile se-polychrome, ngokudubula okungaphezulu ukuze kulungiswe eminye imibala, kwi-glaze.
Oonodoli bakaHakata
Oonodoli badlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi baseJapan, Ngapha koko, iHinamatsuri ibhiyozelwa, umthendeleko woonodoli, obubhiyozelwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Lo ngumnyhadala wesiko oquka ukunxiba oonodoli kwisinxibo sikaHeian Era, ngaphambi kokuba baphoswe emlanjeni ukuze basuse amantombazana kwimimoya emdaka, kodwa ngoku oonodoli bashiyeke bevezwe esibingelelweni.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamanani kodwa mhlawumbi eNtshona ezaziwa kakhulu zezi Hakata inguyō, unodoli waseJapan osendaweni yaseFukuoka. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zazo ngokomxholo wazo: indawo yemidlalo yaseJapan yemveli, ubuhle babasetyhini, i-Samurai, njl. Aba nodoli yayizizikhumbuzo ezathi amajoni aseMelika azithatha kakhulu emva kokuthinjwa yiJapan, yiyo loo nto bathandwa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo imvelaphi yabo ibuyele kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukujikeleza
yonaguni-orimono ligama elenziwe lafana namalaphu aveliswe kwisiqithi sase Yonaguni-jima, emazantsi-ntshona esiqithi saseJapan. Kwaye ukusukela ngo-1987 ithathwa njengorhwebo lwesintu olwamkelwe ngurhulumente.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukutyhubela iminyaka iipateni kunye nemibala yolu hlobo lwelaphu itshintshile, iintyatyambo ezincinci ezinemibala ebomvu nephuzi kunye namalaphu anemigca ahlala.
Kukho ubuchule shibori, eligama elinikezwe eJapan kubuchwephesha bokudaya iqhina.
IiKimonos
UKimono sisinxibo sendabuko saseJapan samadoda nabasetyhini, Ebeyingubo esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo de kwaba yiminyaka yokuqala emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. IiKimono ezenziwe ngobugcisa bemveli kunye nezinto ezintle zithathwa njengemisebenzi yobugcisa eyiyo.
I-Kimono yenza ukuguquka kwada kwangekhulu le-XNUMX, xa i-flavour ye-silika yaqala ukuba yimfashini phakathi kwama-Samurai kunye nabathengisi. I-brocade ekumgangatho ophezulu eveliswa ngamagcisa ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwegolide kunye nesilivere yoyilo lweentyatyambo kunye neentaka, nangezikim zejometri zemveli.