Ivaranda yaseBernini eVatican yenye yezona zikhumbuzo zibalaseleyo nezaziwayo emhlabeni. Indawo ekuyo, phambi kwendawo I-basilica ka-Saint Peter, kodwa nobungangamsha bayo nokubukeka kwayo.
Yayalelwa ukuba yakhiwe ngu Upopu Alexander VII ukwamkela bonke abeza kwitempile yeVatican. Ngaphambili, iSt.Peter's Square yayixande kwaye inethontsi elimalunga neemitha ezilishumi phakathi kwamanqwanqwa ecawa kunye nelinye icala. Iveranda kaBernini eVatican yaphelisa oku kuthambekela kwaye yaqwalasela esinye sezikwere ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Umbhali
I-Neapolitan UGian Lorenzo Bernini Wayengumzobi kunye noyilo, kodwa ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into eqingqwayo. Okuqhotyoshelwe kwiBaroque, ukukwazi kwakhe ukukrola ibhastile kwamenza wazithatha njengendlalifa Michelangelo. Unqulo olunzulu, wabeka iitalente zakhe ekusebenzeleni u Yehova Uhlaziyo lokuBala, nto leyo eyamenza wanandipha ukuthandwa ngoopopu.
Phakathi kwendalo yakhe enkulu kukho I-baldachin ye-Saint Peter, nakwindlu yecawa yaseVatican; i ingcwaba le-Urban VIII; yena Uvuyo lukaSanta Teresa okanye Imithombo yeeNayile ezine kunye neBarge. Uyakwazi ukunika imifanekiso yakhe ngokuchaza ngokungaqhelekanga, uBernini wasweleka eRoma ngoNovemba 28, 1680.
Iveranda kaBernini eVatican, ngumsebenzi omkhulu
Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi umsebenzi odume kakhulu kaBernini yile ndawo apho kwakufuneka asebenzise zombini ulwazi lwakhe loyilo kunye nolwakhiwo. Kungenxa yokuba wayilungisa yomabini indawo kunye nendawo eyayiza kufakelwa kuyo.
Ngokuhambelana neminqweno kaPopu Alexander VII, ifuzisela ukwamkela amakholwa abaza kutyelela i-Basilica yaseSt. Ke ngoko, inemiqolo emibini yeekholamu zokwenza i-oval enkulu emele iingalo ezimbini ezibandakanya undwendwe.
Ikholoni yaseBernini kwiimpawu zeVatican Iikholamu ezingama-284 ezinomdla Iimitha ezili-16 inye kwaye yahlulwe yaziingcamba ezine. Zithweswe isithsaba ngamakomkhulu amakhulu eDoric kwaye, ngaphezulu kwezi, ibalustrade apho kukho Amanani angama-140 abangcwele, iintombi ezinyulu, abafela ukholo noogqirha beCawa. Into enomdla kukuba la manani awakhange aqingqwe nguBernini, kodwa wayalelwa nguBernini U-Lorenzo Morelli, omnye wabafundi bakhe. Ngasinye kwezi mifanekiso zilinganise i-3,20 yeemitha, esisisiqingatha nje sokuphakama kukaKristu kunye nabapostile onokubona kwibala elingaphambili leSt.
Iikholamu zivela kwabadumileyo travertine marble kwaye zenza isithuba esahlulwe saziindinyana ezintathu ezigutyungelweyo. Esembindini, esiphakamileyo kancinci, sayilwa ngendlela yokudada, ngelixa amacala omabini ayengabahambi ngeenyawo.
Iindawo ezingqonge iveranda kaBernini eVatican
Kodwa uBernini akazange ayile nje kwaye akhe i-colonnade ekhangayo. Wayekhathalela nendalo. Wayesebenza ngokukhethekileyo nesikwere kunye necawa. Ngokumalunga neyokugqibela, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isinyuko esikwifadade yayo inde kakhulu, wayalela ukuba kugrunjwe ukwehlisa ukuphakama.
Wayehlonipha nembeko enkulu obelisk imi kumbindi wesikwere ngu Upopu Sixtus V Ngo-1586. Eli litye likhulu laqoshwa livela eYiphutha ngo UCaligula ngowama-41 AD. Ayisiyonto ingaphantsi kwexesha likaNencoreo, ufaro wolawulo lwe-XNUMXth owayehlala kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaYesu Krestu. Ngelo xesha, yayikwiSekisi eseMaximus eRoma.
Kukwakho nemithombo emibini yolungelelwano macala e-obelisk. Enye yenziwe nguBernini ngokwakhe, ngelixa enye yenziwe UCarlo Maderno. Kwaye, ecaleni kwaloo, embindini wesikwere, idiski yelitye ephawula kanye loo ndawo. Ukuba umi kuyo, uya kuba noluvo lokuba kukho umqolo omnye kuphela weekholamu, kuba ezine ezikhoyo zilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo.
Lilonke, isithuba esamkela iBernini's Colonnade sihlala kwi ulwandiso olukhulu lwe-elliptical 320 yeemitha ubunzulu kunye ne-240 ububanzi. Ukwakha, kwathatha amakhulu amadoda. Ngokunjalo, i-44 yee-cubic metres ze-travertine marble zifikile zivela Tivoli, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka eRoma. Inokuhlalisa abantu abangama-300.
Ugqibelele lo msebenzi umhle kangangokuba iikholamu zonyusa ububanzi bawo ngaphandle ukulungisa ukuphambuka okubonakalayo kokucamngca kwawo. Ngokunjalo nangesizathu esinye, i-facade ye I-basilica ka-Saint Peter Inxulunyaniswe neplaza ngeengalo ezimbini eziguqukayo ezibonelela ngemvakalelo yokusondela. Ukongeza, iveranda kaBernini yayenzelwe ngokukodwa ukwenza i-axis ebonakalayo yeSt Uphahla lukaMichelangelo
Eminye iminqweno yesikhumbuzo
Ngokumalunga nalo msebenzi mhle kangaka kaBernini, kukho izinto ezithile onomdla kuzo ukwazi. Eyokuqala yile iphawula umda phakathi kwe-Itali kunye neVictoria State. Uyakuyixabisa kumgca wemarble obekwe emhlabeni kwaye uwele isikwere usiya ngapha nangapha.
Ngokuchanekileyo, ukuya eSt.Peter's Square, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yi-rectilinear Ukuhamba ngeConciliazione, yeyiphi indawo UCastel Sant'Angelo kwaye ifikelela kuloo.
Kodwa indawo isakunika enye into enomdla. Kufuphi kakhulu embindini wesikwere kukho ilitye elimele iRose of the Winds kwaye, elijikeleze ilitye elibomvu. Omnye wamva unentliziyo ekhululekile apho, ngokwentsomi, yintliziyo yomlawuli. NguNero, umtshutshisi omkhulu wamaKristu.
Ufika njani eSt. Peter's Square
Awuyi kuba nangxaki ukufika kwilitye lesikhumbuzo njengoko kukho ibhasi yabakhenkethi oko kumisa kwibala. Kodwa, ukuba ukhetha ukuhamba wedwa, kungcono ukuba uthathe I-Ottaviano metro.
Ekugqibeleni, Iveranda kaBernini eVatican Le yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zomculi wase-Italiya ngokukodwa kunye neBaroque ngokubanzi. Ngapha koko, iifom zayo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo zazisebenza njengemodeli yeminye imisebenzi emininzi yelo xesha. Awufuni ukudibana naye?