Ugijime i- Ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi eNyakatho Melika enye ye izincwadi zezingane ethandwa kakhulu kwaba UHans Brinker noma izicathulo zesiliva, ibhalwe ngu UMary Mapes Dodge. Ukuthengiswa kwangempela kwezincwadi zabancane.
Ngaleso sikhathi ayengekho ama-movie, kungekho midlalo yevidiyo futhi kungekho nethelevishini. Kwakunemibhalo kuphela futhi kuyo izinhlobo eziningi ezibhekiswe kuzithameli ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusenjalo, kepha kulezi zinsuku ukubhala kunomncintiswano omkhulu. Nokho eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule lokhu inoveli yezingane yayidume njengezinhlekelele zikaHarry Potter namuhla.
Umbhali kaHans Brinker
Le noveli yanyatheliswa ngo-1865 ngumuntu waseMelika UMary Mapes Dodge. UMary wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1831, eNew York City. Wayeyindodakazi yomama wekhaya futhi enguthisha, umsunguli nosokhemisi, ngakho-ke wayenemfundo enhle. Mncane kakhulu, kepha ngokuhambisana nesikhathi, washada nommeli, uWilliam Dodge, eneminyaka engama-21, esebenzisa isibongo sakhe njengoba kwakuyisiko.
Eminyakeni emine eyalandela waba namadodana amabili futhi ngo-1858 umyeni wakhe wamshiya ukuvela uminze ngemuva kwesikhathi. A) Yebo, eneminyaka engama-27 washiywa engumfelokazi nezingane ezimbili okufanele uzondle. Abazali bakhe bamsiza kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo ukungahlaliseki kwakhe kwezemibhalo kwaba nezithelo lapho bhala futhi ushicilele omagazini ababili nezinye izindaba ezimfishane.
Ngelinye ilanga bamcela ukuthi abhale inoveli hhayi izindaba ezimfishane, wazalwa kanjalo-ke UHans brinker. Kubukeka sengathi ugqugquzelwe ngochungechunge lwezindaba ezibhalwe nguJohn L. Motley, Ukuzalwa kwe-Dutch Republic, kusukela ngo-1856, e Umlando waseNetherlands.
Iqiniso ngukuthi uMary akazange aye eNetherlands, kepha uthole okunye okwengeziwe ngaleli zwe futhi wenza ucwaningo oluthile ngokuxoxa nomakhelwane bakhe abangamaDashi. Yize uma ufunda le ndaba awuhlangabezani namagama amaningi esiDashi, kunamaGerman.
Kepha uMary wenza umsebenzi wakhe wesikole kahle, ngakho-ke inoveli inolwazi oluhle kakhulu ngaleli siko elalingaziwa emehlweni aseMelika. Kungakho yathandwa ngempela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kwakuthengisa kakhulu onyakeni wayo wokuqala wokushicilelwa, into ebikade iyifezile phambilini Umngane wethu sobabilinguCharles Dickens. Kusukela lapho ihlala ingena iphuma emaphephandabeni futhi kulezi zinsuku ungayithola funda ku-intanethi.
Ngabe ikhona ukuzivumelanisa namafilimu? Yebo, empeleni kukhona ukuguquguquka okuningana ngamafomethi ahlukile. Okungukuthi, ngo-1958 a umculo bukhoma tv, ngo-1962 a I-movie yeDisney TV ebikhonjiswe ngezingxenye ezimbili; ngo-1969 i-NBC yenza omunye umculo, ngo-1998 Isiteshi se-Disney yenze inguqulo enhle yefilimu yoqobo, ebisethwe eLos Angeles, futhi ekugcineni, ngo-2002 ifilimu yaseRussia yadutshulwa, Izikeyiti zesiliva, inguqulo yamahhala yendaba.
INetherlands nayo isebenzise udumo lomlando ngakho kukhona ezinye izithombe lapha nalaphaya, yize ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic le ndaba ingaziwa kangako. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kukhona ngisho ihostela e-Amsterdam elibizwa ngeHans Brinker.
UHans Brinker, indaba
Le noveli ilandisa ngomfana ompofu kodwa othembekile oneminyaka engu-15 ohlala e-Amsterdam nonina nodadewabo. Idolobha lihlala liphethe i- umjaho wokushwibeka eqhweni ngoDisemba nakomunye wemisele yedolobha elidumile. Umklomelo ungama-skate wesiliva.
Vele, ukubamba iqhaza yilokho uHans akufuna kakhulu kodwa ukuba mpofu kunamathuba ambalwa kakhulu ngeziketi zakhe ezithobekile zokhuni. Futhi, ukwenza indaba ibe lusizi kakhulu, Ubaba kaHans akasalaleki. Ngelinye ilanga, ngenkathi esebenza, wawela edamini futhi kusukela lapho uye wahlala ngaphandle kwenkumbulo nengxenye ekuqulekeni okungathi shu, uhhafu ngokuqubuka okunodlame, ephoqa wonke umndeni wakhe ukuthi usebenze ukuze uphile.
Kepha uHans ungumfana olungile futhi uyamthanda ubaba wakhe, ngakho-ke ngelinye ilanga ubonisana nodokotela ohlinzayo ohlonishwayo, UDkt Boekman, udokotela osethathe umhlalaphansi futhi ongumfelwa onendodana elahlekile. Emangazwe yisimo sengqondo somfana oneminyaka engu-15, uyavuma ukuvakashela ubaba wakhe futhi, ngemuva kokubuyekeza, unikeza ukuxilongwa kwakhe: unenkinga futhi udinga ukuhlinzwa.
Ngokusobala, ukuhlinza kuyabiza futhi akatholakali nakancane emndenini wakhe ompofu. Udokotela ohlinzayo unquma ukungabizi mali ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa noma kunjalo uHans ubona ukuthi uyayidinga imali nokuthi ukuphela kwethuba lokuyithola Bamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni bese uwina ama-skate esiliva. Ngokuzimisela, uHans usebenzisa yonke imali yakhe encane ayithengile futhi uthenga ama-skate amabili, elinye libe ngelakhe kanti elinye lingudadewabo uGretel, naye ozobamba iqhaza.
Iziketi ezintsha zenziwe ngensimbi futhi zingcono kunezindala ezenziwe ngokhuni. Futhi usuku olukhulu lomjaho wokushibilika eqhweni lufika. UGretel uyaphumelela esigabeni samantombazane futhi uwina neziketi zakhe zesiliva. Ngokwakhe, uHans unethuba lokuwina kepha ulahlekelwa ngumngani odinga imali ngaphezu kwakhe. Umfana uthembekile futhi unenhliziyo enhle.
Ekugcineni, uDkt Boekman angawenza umsebenzi futhi hans ubaba ubuyele kokujwayelekile. Ngalokhu, isimo somndeni siyathuthuka, kepha sithuthuka kakhulu lapho bethola umcebo ofihliwe. Ukushaywa inhlanhla kabili futhi njengebhonasi, udokotela obengazi ukuthi indodana yakhe ikuphi ukwazile ukuyithola.
Futhi kuthiwani ngomfana onesibindi nothembekile? Ekugcineni udokotela uyamsiza ukuthi angenele umsebenzi wobudokotela ukuze UHans waba udokotela ohlonishwayo. Isiphetho esijabulisayo sakudala, akunjalo?
UHans Brinker noma ama-skate esiliva, uhlelo
Inoveli yasekuqaleni ngesiNgisi yanyatheliswa ngo-1865 futhi yathengiswa kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, izingane zazingenayo enye indlela yokuzijabulisa ngaphandle kwemidlalo nezincwadi, futhi labo ababekwazi ukuzifundela noma ukuzifundela bathola izikhathi ezinhle kulezi zindaba.
Inoveli kaMary Mapes Dodge inikeze izingane zaseMelika a umhlaba omusha: ukushushuluza, isiko langaphandle njengamaDashi nendaba emnandi enesiphetho esihle.
Ngakho, Ukushushuluza eqhweni kohlobo lwamaDashi kwaqala ukuthandwa e-United States nakwabezindaba abeseqala ukukhula behambisana nentuthuko yezwe. Isikhathi sihambile namanje UHans Brinker ufana ne-quintessential skater skater.
Cabanga ukuthi le noveli kuyinto yesimanje Owesifazane omncanes, nguLouise May Alcott noma ngu Umalume Tom's Cabinngu-Harriet Beecher Stowe. Abesifazane abathathu, ababhali abathathu bekhulu le-XNUMX kanye nemibhalo yentsha.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, mhlawumbe enye yezincwadi ezaziwa kakhulu emibhalweni yentsha yaseMelika, uTom Sawyer noHuckleberry Finn, beyizofika izoshintsha inkambo yohlobo lwaseNyakatho Melika kanye nensimu yezincwadi unomphela. Kepha okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abesifazane abathathu babhala ama-classical literary weqiniso.
Ingabe uyazibuza ukuthi ngabe le ncwadi inokuhunyushwa kweSpanishi yini? Kunjalo! Kukhona izinhlelo ngeSpanishi, isiFulentshi kanye nesiNtaliyane futhi njengoba ngishilo, vele ugijime bese uhlangabezana nenguqulo eku-inthanethi ukuyazi le ndaba, uyifunde futhi uyazise namuhla, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu kamuva.