INorway, enabantu abayizigidi ezingama-4,6 esifundeni esisenyakatho neYurophu, namuhla ingelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu emhlabeni. I- Ukuthuthuka komnotho eNorway kubonakala kokubili kwi-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye kanye nasenhlokodolobha yezenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNorway ivela njalo phezulu ku-United Nations Human Development Index.
Uyichaza kanjani le mpumelelo? Ukhiye ulele ezinqolobaneni ezinkulu ze imithombo yemvelo izwe elinalo. Kepha lokho akwenele. Ukuba khona kwe- abasebenzi abanamakhono kanye nomzamo wokuzivumelanisa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
La Umlando wezomnotho waseNorway Ingabekwa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngaphambi nangemva kwenkululeko yezwe e-1814.
Ngaphambi kwenkululeko
Umnotho waseNorway ngokomlando wawusekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe- imiphakathi yokulima yendawo kanye neminye imisebenzi ehambisanayo efana ukudoba, ukuzingela kanye namahlathi. Ukuhweba kwagcinwa kuphila yimikhumbi yabathengisi ekhula njalo.
Ukudoba kuyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseNorway
Ngenxa yokwakheka komhlaba nezimo zezulu, imiphakathi esenyakatho nasentshonalanga yayincike kakhulu ekudobeni nasekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe kunemiphakathi yaseningizimu nasempumalanga, eyayincike kakhulu kwezolimo. Ngalesi sikhathi isikhungo esikhulu somnotho kwakuyidolobha lase Bergen.
Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho eNorway ngekhulu le-XNUMX
Lapho, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-417, iNorway yathola Ukuzimela kwabo EDenmark ngo-1814, ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-90% (abantu abangaba ngu-800.000) babehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngo-1816 i ICentral Bank yaseNorway futhi kwethulwa imali yezwe: the i-spesidaler.
Intuthuko yezomnotho yangempela yeNorway yaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngenxa yokuthekelisa kwe insimbi, amalahle, ukhuni nenhlanzi, izwe laba nomnotho omkhulu, lidlula iSweden engomakhelwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwethulwa kwezindlela ezintsha zokulima kwenyusa umkhiqizo wezolimo futhi kwathanda ukuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iNorway yaba ngumbuso emkhakheni we Ukuthuthwa kolwandle. Imikhumbi yayo yayimele okungenani ama-7% omhlaba wonke ngonyaka we-1875. Inqubo yezimboni zezwe yenzeka ngamagagasi amaningana.
Inkinga nokukhula
La Impi Yezwe Yokuqala bekungukuthuthuka kwezentuthuko yezomnotho eNorway. Izwe likhokhele imiphumela yokuncika kwalo ngokweqile kwezomnotho e-United Kingdom, bese kuba umlingani walo oyinhloko kwezohwebo. Bengenawo amathuba ezweni labo, abantu abaningi baseNorway bathuthela eMelika engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ukuhluthwa kwezwe laseJalimane ngawo-40 kumise imizamo yokululama enamahloni eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
Ukuchuma okukhulu kwezomnotho eNorway kusekelwe kuwoyela
Ngemuva kwempi, iNorway yabhekana nenselelo kwakuwukwakha kabusha umnotho wayo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umbuso waseNorway wamukela iresiphi yenkululeko yenhlalo, eyaba yimpumelelo ngenxa yokutholakala kwamadiphozithi amakhulu we uwoyela negesi eNorth Sea.
I-Los iminyaka yegolide yomnotho waseNorway yilezo ezisuka ku-1950 kuya ku-1973. Kulesi sikhathi i-GDP yanda kakhulu, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kwashesha, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwanyamalala futhi nezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lahlala lizinzile.
Umnotho womhlaba wanyakaziswa ngo-1973 yilokho okwakuthiwa "inkinga kawoyela". Ngokunengqondo, njengezwe lomkhiqizi, iNorway yathinteka kakhulu. Imfundiso yentando yeningi yezenhlalo kwakudingeka iguqulwe ngezixazululo ezikhululekile, ngamanani aphezulu wenzalo kanye nokwehla kwemali.
Izinkinga zezezimali ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX zithinte izinkampani eziningi zaseNorway, ngenkathi umbuso uthatha amabhange amakhulu amakhulu kwezohwebo ukugwema ukuncibilika ngokuphelele kwezezimali.
Umnotho weNorway namuhla
Namuhla izwe linomnotho oqinile futhi oqinile. Umkhakha kawoyela usabaluleke kakhulu. Kuliqiniso ukuthi ukuphathwa kahle kwemithombo yezemvelo yezwe kube nomthelela ekutheni iNorway ibe ngomunye weminotho ephumelela kakhulu emhlabeni.
INorway iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni kuHuman Development Index
Izici ezenza umehluko phakathi kweNorway nezinye izifundazwe ezikhiqiza uwoyela yilezi ezilandelayo: ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, isiko lokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile obuvela kwamanye amazwe aholayo, kanye nezikhungo zezombusazwe ezizinzile.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iNorway yenqabe kaningi ukuba yingxenye ye- I-European Union. Iphinde ibe nemali kazwelonke, i-krone yaseNorway. Noma kunjalo, kuyalandelwa Indawo Yezomnotho YaseYurophu (EEA)
Namuhla iNorway izwe lesithupha emhlabeni kanti okwesibili eYurophu kwi-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-International Monetary Fund (IMF). Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi, ngokwezibalo zoHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezizwe Ezihlangene, INorway iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni Inkomba Yentuthuko Yabantu.