Ikamela, indlela yokuthutha esebenza kahle kakhulu

ikamela

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kakhulu, cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-3.000 XNUMX edlule, abantu bebelokhu besebenzisa i- ikamela njengendlela ephumelelayo yezokuthutha ezifundeni ezithile zomhlaba.

Lezi zilwane ezinezinyawo zidume ngokufakwa kwamafutha (ama-humps) ezaziphuma ngemuva kwayo, zafuywa ngumuntu ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Bebewumthombo wokudla (ubisi nenyama), namanje, kanti isikhumba sabo besisetshenziswa ukwenza izingubo. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu kuyindlela yokuhamba. Konke ngiyabonga i-anatomy yabo ethile, eguqulwe ngokukhethekile izindawo eziwugwadule.

Zingaki izinhlobo zamakamela ezikhona?

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi akuwona wonke amakamela emhlabeni afanayo, futhi awasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhamba. Zikhona emhlabeni izinhlobo ezintathu wamakamela:

  • Ikamela laseBactrian (UCamelus bactrianus), ehlala e-Asia Ephakathi. Kukhulu futhi kusinda kunezinye izinhlobo. Inomhubhe ophindwe kabili futhi isikhumba sayo sinoboya.
  • Ikamela lasendle lama-bactrian (ICamelus ferus), futhi enama-humps amabili. Ihlala ngokukhululeka emathafeni awugwadule aseMongolia nasezindaweni ezithile ezingaphakathi kweChina.
  • Ikamela lase-Arabia o Dromedary (UCamelus dromedarius), uhlobo oludume kakhulu futhi oluningi, olunabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-12 zomhlaba. Ine-hump eyodwa. Itholakala kuso sonke isifunda saseSahara naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Iphinde yangeniswa e-Australia.

Ikamela lingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nezikhathi ezinde ngaphandle kokufaka ithonsi elilodwa lamanzi. I-dromedary ngokwesibonelo ingaphila ngokuphelele ngokumane iphuze kanye ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Ukumelana kwayo nokushisa kuyahlaba umxhwele: ingaphila ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingwadule noma ngabe ilahlekelwe ngumzimba wayo ofinyelela kuma-10%.

ikamela le-bactrian

Amakamela amaBactrian aphuza

Lezi zilwane zikwazi kanjani ukuphila ngamanzi amancane kangaka? Imfihlo iku grasa ezinqwabelana kuma-humps azo. Lapho umzimba wekamela udinga ukucwiliswa, izicubu ezinamafutha ezikulezi zimali ziyahlanganiswa, kukhishwe amanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinso zakho namathumbu akho anamandla amakhulu okuvuselela uketshezi.

Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi ikamela lingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuphuza, ikamela elidala elingu-600 kg lingaphuza kuze kufike kumalitha angama-200 ngemizuzu emithathu nje.

"Umkhumbi wasogwadule"

Lokhu kumelana okukhulu nokoma nokushisa, okungenakutholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo, kuthwese umqhele lesi silwane njenge umngani omkhulu womuntu ozosinda ehlane.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izindwendwe Abahwebi basebenzisa ikamela ukuwela izindawo ezinkulu eziwugwadule. Ngenxa yakhe, bekungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe imizila noxhumana nabo bezentengiselwano namasiko obekungenakwenzeka ngenye indlela. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikamela libe yinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi eminingi yabantu e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika.

Uma ugwadule lwalululwandle lwesihlabathi, ikamela kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhamba kulo nesiqinisekiso sokufinyelela ethekwini eliphephile. Ngalesi sizathu yaziwa kakhulu njenge "Umkhumbi wasogwadule".

ikharavani eliwugwadule

Uhambo lwamakamela lunqamula ugwadule

Ngisho nanamuhla, lapho izimoto ezihamba emigwaqweni yonke ne-GPS sekuphumelele ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo njengendlela yokuhamba, ikamela lisasetshenziswa izizwe eziningi zamaBedouin. Kodwa-ke, kujwayelekile kakhulu ukumbona emazweni athile endimeni yakhe entsha njengo ukuheha izivakashi kunesithuthi.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi, ohambweni lwabo lokuya ezindaweni ezinjengeMorocco, iTunisia, iGibhithe noma i-United Arab Emirates, izivakashi ziyaqasha ukuhambela kwekamela ehlane. Ngabo (njalo kusezandleni zabaqondisi abanolwazi), abahambi abafuna imizwelo bangena ezindaweni ezingenalutho nezingemnandi, kamuva balala ematendeni ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi sogwadule. Ikamela, phela, liwuphawu lwesikhathi esesikhohliwe isikhathi eside sokuhamba kothando kanye nokuzidela okungaqondakali.

Ikamela njengesikhali sempi

Ngaphezu kokusebenza kwayo okuqinisekisiwe njengendlela yokuhamba, ikamela lisetshenzisiwe nasemlandweni wonke njenge isikhali sempi. Kakade e-Antiquity AmaPheresiya ama-Achaemenid Bathola ikhwalithi yalezi zilwane ezazisiza kakhulu empini yabo: ikhono lakhe lokwethusa amahhashi.

Ngakho-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kwamaqhawe agibela amakamela ezimpini eziningi kwaba yinto ejwayelekile, ikhambi elifanele lokuqeda amahhashi esitha. Imibhalo eminingi yasendulo ifakazela indima yamakamela ekunqobeni umbuso kaLydia ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC.

Amakamela nama-dromedaries abe yingxenye yamabutho alwe e ENyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi kusukela ngaphambi kwezikhathi zamaRoma kuze kube ezikhathini zakamuva kakhulu. Ngisho nebutho le- United States yakha ngekhulu le-XNUMX iyunithi lekamela elikhethekile alifaka esifundazweni saseCalifornia.


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  1.   ama-coral sebas kusho

    ukuthi uma lokho kungenye igagasiaaaaaaaaaa

  2.   sebasole kusho

    ukuthi uma lokho kungenye igagasiaaaaaaaaaa

  3.   Kusho sebas kusho

    ukuthi uma lokho kungenye igagasiaaaaaaaaaa