Polyphemus futhi Odysseus

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"I-Odyssey" inkondlo eyindumezulu ebhalwe nguHomer elandisa ngezigemegeme zika-Odysseus (obizwa nangokuthi u-Ulysses ngokwesiko lesiLatin), inkosi yase-Ithaca, ebuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokuqeda iTrojan War, imicimbi ehlobene ne- "Iliad." Kukholakala ukuthi umbhali waklama zombili ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba yingxenye yesiko lasendulo lomlomo lamaGrikhi, lifundwa kusuka edolobheni kuya edolobheni ngama-rhapsody.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, umbusi wase-Athene, ogama lakhe linguPisístraro, wayefuna ukuqoqa izinkondlo zikaHomer futhi zabhalwa phansi. Kulezi, inguqulo endala kunazo zonke eyaziwayo ye- "The Odyssey" isukela ngekhulu lesibili BC futhi eka-Aristarchus waseSamothrace. Kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo sihlola impikiswano ye- «The Odyssey», isakhiwo sayo, izingqikithi zayo futhi ikakhulukazi ku- inganekwane kaPolyphemus no-Odysseus.

Ikhuluma ngani i- "The Odyssey"?

Kuzo zonke izingoma zayo ezingama-24, UHomer ulandisa ngokubuyela ku-Ithaca kweqhawe lamaGrikhi u-Odysseus okuthi, ngemuva kokungabikho ekhaya iminyaka eyishumi, athathe enye iminyaka eyishumi ukubuya. Ngaleso sikhathi, unkosikazi wakhe uPenelope nendodana yakhe uTelemachus kufanele bathwale esigodlweni sabo abasolwa abafisa ukumshada, bekholelwa ukuthi u-Odysseus ufile futhi ngasikhathi sinye bachitha yonke impahla yomndeni.

Isikhali esihle kunazo zonke sika-Odysseus sokunqoba zonke izithiyo ahlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa kwakhe ubuqili bakhe. Ngenxa yakhe nosizo lukankulunkulukazi uPallas Athena, uyakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga eziqhubekayo okufanele abhekane nazo ngemiklamo yonkulunkulu. Ngale ndlela, uhlela amaqhinga ahlukene nezinkulumo ezinesibindi azisebenzisayo ukufeza izinhloso zakhe.

Yakhiwe kanjani i- «The Odyssey»?

Le nkondlo yamaqhawe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: i-telemachy, ukubuya nokuziphindisela kuka-Odysseus. I-telemaquia ihlanganisa ukusuka kumakhantshi okuqala kuye kwesine e "The Odyssey", lapho kulandiswa khona isinqumo seTelémaco sokushiya uyise. Ukubuya kwe-Odysseus kubandakanya indawo yesihlanu yeshumi nambili lapho kutshelwa khona ukuzidela kuka-Odysseus ohambweni lwakhe lokubuyela e-Ithaca, kanti ingxenye yesithathu ibhekisele ekuziphindiseleni kuka-Odysseus nokuhlangana komndeni wakhe kusuka e-canto yeshumi nantathu kuya kwamashumi amabili nane.

Iyini inganekwane kaPolyphemus no-Odysseus?

Ku-canto yesishiyagalolunye kaHomer "i-Odyssey," umlingiswa ophambili ulandisa ngezigemegeme yena nabangane bakhe ababa nazo phakathi neminyaka emithathu njengoba babelungiselela ukubuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokulwa empini yeTrojan.

Kule ngoma u-Odysseus uchaza ukuthi bafika kanjani eThrace, lapho kwakukhona khona amaCícones. Lapho babulala bonke abantu base-Ismaro ngaphandle kukaMarón, umpristi ka-Apollo owabanika izitsha eziyishumi nambili ezigcwele iwayini njengophawu lokubonga. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ukuhlaselwa amaCoron, u-Odysseus ushiya lapho neqembu lamadoda futhi bafika ezweni labantu abadla i-lotus. ngemuva kwesiphepho esibaphambukise emzileni baze bafika esiqhingini saseCycops.

Lapho behla futhi u-Odysseus wathatha esinye sezitsha zewayini ukuze asinikeze. Lapho befika emhumeni we-Cyclops Polyphemus, abangane be-protagonist bayavuma ukuthatha konke ukusuka lapho, yize u-Odysseus ayenganelisekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, UPolyphemus ungena ngaphakathi nomhlambi wakhe futhi lapho ewuthola, uyawuvalela bese ushwabadela eminye yawo.

Ukususa ukufa, u-Odysseus ucabanga ukusebenzisa iwayini umpristi uMaron amnike lona ukuze amdakise. UPolyphemus wamukela umkhumbi wakhe futhi wabuza igama lakhe, u-Odysseus waphendula ngokuthi ubizwa ngokuthi "akekho umuntu noma akekho." Lapho ama-cyclops elala edakiwe, washayela isigxobo somnqumo esweni lakhe okuwukuphela kwempumputhe abaleke.

Ngokushesha uPolyphemus wamemeza ngezinhlungu kwaze kwafika amanye amaNkanyamba lapho ezwa kodwa akholelwa ukuthi uZeus umjezisile futhi uyahlanya ngoba ubatshele ukuthi "Akekho" omlimazile. Ukuze babalekele u-Odysseus namadoda akhe bazibophela esiswini sezimvu. Njengoba uPolyphemus wayengaboni, wayengaboni lapho babecashe khona futhi bakwazi ukuphunyula.

Ngesikhathi besolwandle, u-Odysseus wahleka uPolyphemus: "Akekho owakulimazile ngaphandle kuka-Odysseus." Babengazi ukuthi ama-cyclops wayeyindodana kankulunkulu wasolwandle uPoseidon futhi ngenkathi uPolyphemus ebaqalekisa, itshe elikhulu lawela eduze komkhumbi wabo. Ubuye futhi wacela usizo kubaba wakhe futhi wacela ukuthi u-Odysseus angaphinde abuyele e-Ithaca noma ukuthi uma enza kanjalo, kumele abuye yedwa hhayi emkhunjini wakhe. Futhi-ke kwaba njalo, uPoseidon wamdalela izinkinga eziningi olwandle lapho ebuya futhi wamgcina kude ne-Ithaca isikhathi eside.

Babengobani uPolyphemus no-Odysseus?

  • Odysseus: U-Odysseus uyena ophambili enkondlweni ethi "The Odyssey" yize ibuye ibonakale naku "The Iliad" nguHomer. Wayengomunye wamaqhawe asenganekwaneni ezinganekwane zamaGrikhi futhi ku- "The Odyssey" umelwe njengenkosi yase-Ithaca, esinye seziqhingi zamanje zase-Ionia, ezisogwini olusentshonalanga yeGrisi. Kubonakala ngobuhlakani nobuqili baso. Eqinisweni, udunyiswa ngomqondo wokwakha iTrojan Horse. Ushade noPenelope futhi ungubaba kaTelémaco.
  • I-Polyphemus: Yiyona edume kakhulu kumaCyclops ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi. Indodana kaPoseidon kanye ne-nymph Toosa, uvame ukuvezwa njenge-ogre enentshebe enamazinyo amakhulu nezindlebe ezikhonjiwe ezinesinye iso ebunzini lakhe.

Kusho ukuthini inganekwane kaPolyphemus no-Odysseus?

Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi inganekwane kaPolyphemus no-Odysseus ikhombisa impi yobuqili yokulwa nesihluku nokunqoba kwesizathu ngamandla.

Izihloko ezimbozwe yi- "The Odyssey"

  • Uhambo: Ingqikithi ejwayelekile emibhalweni yaseNtshonalanga lapho iqhawe libhekana nezingozi eziningi lapho livela khona liqinisiwe futhi likwazi ukufeza inhloso yalo.
  • Uthando olungenamibandela: Kubonakalisiwe endabeni ka-Odysseus noPenelope, abanqoba izithiyo nezilingo impilo ezibabeka kuzo futhi baphinde babe ndawonye.
  • Umndeni: I- "The Odyssey" ikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwezibopho zemindeni ukwenza injongo ezimpilweni zethu.
  • Ikhaya nezwe: Isifiso sika-Odysseus ukubuyela e-Ithaca, lapho azalelwa khona nalapho kuhlala khona umndeni wakhe, angakaze ambone selokhu ashiya iTrojan War.
  • Impindiselo: Le ngqikithi ibonakala endabeni kaPenelope. U-Odysseus uthola ukuthi ekuhambeni kwakhe kunabasolwa abafuna ukushada nonkosikazi wakhe abambeke esikhundleni sakhe futhi baphathe impahla yabo, ngakho-ke uziphindiselela ngokubabulala.
  • Amandla onke onkulunkulu: Kokubili i- "The Odyssey" ne- "The Iliad," ikusasa labantu lisezandleni zonkulunkulu. Bobabili uPallas Athena noPoseidon noma uZeus badlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabalingiswa.

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