Izigqila eGrisi lasendulo

Ukuba khona kwezigqila eGrisi lasendulo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zaleyo mpucuko futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sehla. Usuvele ungene Isikhathi se-Mycenaean (1600-1200 BC) wabasebenzisela umnotho wabo. Futhi kufayela le- Isikhathi samaGreki (323-31 BC) kusekhona izigqila ezibhalisiwe njengempahla yamakhosi amakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunjalo nangesigqila ku I-Egypt futhi ku amaRomIsikhathi ngasinye sasinokucatshangelwa kwaso ngalaba bantu ababencishwe inkululeko. Futhi ngokulinganayo akubona bonke ababenezinga elifanayo. Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi ngezigqila eGrisi lasendulo, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda.

Indlela Ubugqila Obafika Ngayo EGrisi Lasendulo

Izigqila eGrisi lasendulo zingaba izakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nabomdabu ababenaso, ngasizathu simbe balahlekelwa amalungelo abo abantu abakhululekile. Kepha, ngokuyisisekelo, bafinyelele kuleso simo ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu.

Iziboshwa zempi

Omunye wemithombo ejwayelekile yokuthola izigqila zamaGrikhi kwakuyizimpi ababenqoba kuzo. Kulokhu futhi impucuko yabo ihambelana neyaseRoma neyaseGibhithe. Ngokuyinhloko kwakuyizakhamizi AbaseFrigiya, othandekayo, lydians, ama-scythians, cyrenaics o AbaseThracian.

Ngokuqondene nobulili, amaGreki athumba bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, abagcinanga nje ngokuthatha njengezigqila amasosha ayebhekane nawo. Futhi omkabo ngisho nezingane bathunjwa okumiselwe ukugqilazwa. Amadoda ayezinikele emisebenzini eyayidinga umzamo omkhulu ngokomzimba; abesifazane emsebenzini wasendlini nasezinganeni, kungenzeka babambisane nabo noma bathengisele abathengisi bezigqila ababebalinda ukuthi bakhule ukuze babathengise kabusha.

Kuthathwe abaphangi

Ezinye izigqila eGrisi lasendulo zaziyizakhamizi ezikhululekile zezinye izizwe ezazikhona bathunjwa yizigebengu ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwabo emachwebeni ahlukahlukene we IMedithera.

Ngemuva kwalokho bathengiswa ngabazimele ngokwabo ezimakethe eziningi zezigqila ezazikhona noma zafakwa ezandleni zabashushumbisi abazithengayo. Mayelana nalezo zimakethe, zaziziningi eGrisi lasendulo. Kepha i Amachweba ePiraeus okwase-Athene, kanye nalokho kwe I-Delos, UCorinto, E-Efesu o Aegina.

Izigqila zezikweletu

Omunye umthombo wokunikezwa kwezigqila eGrisi lasendulo wawuphathelene izikweletu. Izakhamizi zamahhala ezazingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinkokhelo zazo zawela ezimweni zezigqila. Kwakuyindaba ejwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi abalimi oqashe umhlaba futhi engakwazi ukukhokha le renti kumnikazi wendawo. Esimweni esinjalo, babengaphansi kwayo.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ubugqila babo kunqunyelwe. Okwamanje bakwazile ukwenza lezo zinkokhelo ezingakakhokhwa, bakhishwa ngokuzenzekelayo futhi babuyiselwa esimweni sabo njengezakhamizi ezikhululekile.

Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala kumele senze ukucacisa okuthinta ipholisi ye I-Atenas. Ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC, isishayamthetho USolon wenqabela lo mkhuba ngakho-ke wayeka ukwenziwa.

Intengo yezigqila

Njengoba laba bantu abaneshwa babebhekwa njengempahla emsulwa, intengo yezigqila yashintsha ngokwesikhathi nemithetho emsulwa yezwe. ukuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho kwakudingeka izigqila futhi zimbalwa, amanani abo akhuphuka, ngenkathi eseningi, izindleko zawo zehla.

Ngokufanayo, akuzona zonke izindleko ezifanayo. Intengo yendoda enamandla eyenzelwe imisebenzi efunayo yayihlukile kunaleyo yendoda endala engasakwazi ukuzuza kuyo. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, ukuba nesigqila kwakungabizi kakhulu eGrisi lasendulo. Singakutshela, isibonelo, ukuthi umholo wonyaka ukuthi isisebenzi sase-Athene esasitholile kwakwanele ukusithola.

Ubugqila eGrisi lasendulo

Kunoma ikuphi, ngokubuka komuntu, sinentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi zazinjani izimo zokuphila zesigqila eGrisi lasendulo. Kepha lokhu ozokufunda ngeke ukuthande.

Ngoba, kumaGreki, ephucukele kakhulu kwezinye izinto, isigqila sasingelutho nje impahla. Kubo, lalinenani elifanayo nezilwane ezifuywayo njengalezo ezakha imfuyo yabo. Eqinisweni, ukuphela kwento eyayikhathaza amakhosi abo ukuthi babenjalo kusuthe kahle. Kepha nakulesi simo bekungekhona ngenxa yomusa, kepha ngenxa yesithakazelo: ukunakekelwa okungcono ababenako ngalomqondo, ukusebenza kangcono komsebenzi ababengakunikeza.

Mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila sezigqila ezingamaGrikhi, kwakuxhomeke emsebenzini ezazimiselwe wona. Njengoba uzoqonda, isigqila esasizinikele ekukhipheni isiliva ezimayini ze intaba iLaurione I-Atenas, kunomunye ozinikele emisebenzini yobuhlakani njengokufundisa izingane zenkosi yakhe noma ukugcina ama-akhawunti enkosi yakhe.

Ngokusobala, isikhathi sokuphila sesigqila futhi sasiyisenzo somusa wenkosi yaso. Emibhalweni yesiGreki kunezibonelo eziningi zamakhosi abaphatha ngazo isintu, kodwa futhi nakwabanye ababedlulele ngokweqile unonya nabo. Kunoma ikuphi, inceku yayingase ijeziswe ngokomzimba njengokushaywa ngesiswebhu. Futhi ababhali bathanda I-Xenophon o ingwejeje batusa emisebenzini yabo ukuthi baphathwe kahle.

Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhohliswe ngoba nabo abakwenzanga esintwini. Isizathu sabo salokhu ukuthi babengeke babaleke noma benzele uzungu inkosi yabo nokuthi bazokwenza kangcono.

Ukukhululwa kwezigqila eGrisi lasendulo

NjengaseGibhithe lasendulo nakuMbuso WaseRoma, izigqila ezingamaGrikhi zazingadedelwa yinkosi yazo. Ukwenza kanjalo, kwakwanele lokho uzokuveza obala. Bekukhona ngisho amacala abanikazi abebekwenza maphakathi nemidlalo yeshashalazi noma ecaleni, konke obekufanele kungavunyelwa njengoba kuholele ekuphazamisweni kokuhleleka komphakathi.

Futhi sithola ebufakazini bezikhathi zesikhathi se- ukukhishwa ngokuhlanganyela yezigqila. Isibonelo, yenziwa ku- AmaTasos ukukubonga ngokuthembeka kwakho ngesikhathi sempi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isigqila angayithenga inkululeko yakhe ngokushintshanisa ngemali. Ukuze enze lokhu, angafaka isicelo semalimboleko noma acele usizo lomndeni wakhe. Kwakukhona ngisho namacala okukhishwa okuyingxenye. Ngalo mqondo, singakutshela nge- Ima, inkontileka isigqila esasisebenzela ngayo inkosi yaso kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwaso sase sikhululeka. Lokho wukuthi, izindlalifa azikwazanga ukukulahla.

Kodwa-ke, lapho sesikhululiwe akazange abe yisakhamuzi esikhululekile. Isimo sakhe besifana kakhulu nesika- i-meteco (igama elinikezwe abokufika) ngakho-ke babenezibopho ezithile.

Ekuphetheni, izigqila eGrisi lasendulo zazine- isimo esidabukisayo njengalezo ezazisesimweni esifanayo eGibhithe noma eRoma. Yize kweyokuqala yale mpucuko babenamalungelo athile.