Ubuciko Nemikhuba YaseCanada

Ubuwazi ukuthi ku Canada kunabomdabu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane ezingama-300 abakhuluma izilimi noma izilimi ezingama-58 ezingamaqembu ezilimi ezehlukene eziyishumi? Kunzima ukukhuluma ngakho Ubuciko namasiko aseCanada njengento ephathekayo. Ukwehlukahlukana kwezwe kukhulu kakhulu, futhi lokhu kubonakala ngobucebe obukhulu nokuhlukahluka kwamasiko nezinkulumo zalo zobuciko.

La mazwe amahlathi angenamkhawulo, amachibi amakhulu kanye nezingwadule zase-arctic, anikeza umhambi ithuba lokuthola la masiko ngaphambi kokufika kwamakholoni aseYurophu. Futhi thola izinkumbulo zangempela ngohambo lwakho oluya eCanada.

Abantu Bomdabu BaseCanada

Abantu kanye nezinhlanga ezahlala endaweni yaseCanada ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu baziwa njenge Izizwe Zokuqala (izizwe zokuqala). Iqembu elihluke kakhulu lapho abantu bengavame ukufakwa khona. I-Inuit y UMetis.

Ubuciko bendabuko bomdabu buziveza ngezindlela eziningi: umsebenzi wesikhumba, izikhali zokuzingela, okuqoshwe ngokhuni, imidwebo nobuhlalu… Abadwebi bomdabu banamuhla nabadwebi bomsebenzi bayaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezifanayo, belandela ngokwethembeka ifa lokhokho babo, yize futhi ngezikhathi ezithile bethula ubusha obungajwayelekile.

Isici esidume kakhulu nesaziswa kakhulu sobuciko bendabuko baseCanada sizungeza imidwebo yokhuni. Izinto zendabuko ze Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian kanye Kwakiutl izizwe, esifundazweni saseBritish Columbia. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuhlobisa ezitsheni iyaziwa ngekhwalithi nokuqala kwayo.

Kungashiwo okufanayo nge imaski amasiko. Lezi zinto zazisetshenziswa osukwini lwabo emasikweni okhokho ezakhamizi zakudala zala mazwe. Namuhla zikhonjiswa eminyuziyamu nasezikhungweni zobuciko, noma (uma kwenzeka zisezingeni eliphansi) zithengiswa ezitolo zezikhumbuzo.

Amanani

Kodwa-ke, izinto ezivelele kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezobuciko namasiko aseCanada yilezi totems, izinto ezingokomfanekiso ezazibaluleke (futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu) emikhosini yenkolo yabaningi balaba bantu.

Ngokuyinhloko, i-totem yisiqu esikhulu somuthi (imvamisa umsedari) noma isigxobo sokhuni esingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha angama-20 noma angama-30. Kuyo izithombe zezithixo nezilwane ezingcwele ezivikela umndeni othile zimelwe. Imvelaphi yayo isukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi ixhunyaniswe nezinganekwane nezinsumansumane zedolobha ngalinye.

Izethulo ezivame kakhulu zetotem yaseCanada ukhozi, uklebe, ibhere, impisi, umkhomo, isele, inyosi kanye nenyoni yezulu, ngokwesiko, okuyisidalwa esaba yindoda futhi sazala ingane . Lona, lapho lenyukela eZulwini, lilawula ukuduma nombani.

Akuvamile ukuthola i-totem eyodwa yedwa, njengoba isiko lisho ukuthi mabakhiwe ukwakha amaqembu eduze kwemifula namachibi, noma ekuhlanzekeni kwamahlathi, kuhlala kuyibanga elifushane ukusuka ku-nuclei eyakhiwe. Namuhla, ngaphandle kweminyuziyamu kanye namadolobha ezivakashi, ambalwa kakhulu ama-totems ayiqiniso asamile.

Ezinye zezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokubona izingongolo ze-totem futhi ufunde kabanzi ngobuciko bendabuko baseCanada zifana UDunkan Aka, obizwa ngokuthi «idolobha lama-totems», i- ICapilano Bridge, isiqhingi INdlovukazi uCharlotte (obeye aziwe njengo Haida gwai) kanye Inyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia, lapho kugcinwa khona izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ubuciko Nemikhuba YaseCanada: I-Inuit

Ngenxa yezici zabo ezihlukile, I-Inuit (abama-Eskimos abangaqanjwanga ngamagama) bakha isiqephu esehlukile kubantu bomdabu baseCanada.

Izinkulumo zakhe zobuciko zingezangempela njengoba zingenakuphikwa. Izithombe ezibaziwe, okuqoshwe, imidwebo nemidwebo egcinwe kuleli dolobha ikhombisa umhlaba wama-Inuit: ukubuka kwabo umhlaba kanye nengokomoya labo. Umhlaba wezilwane, ukuzingela nemvelo yizindikimba ezisemqoka zayo yonke indalo yakhe.

Noma yimuphi umhambi onentshisekelo kulobu buciko akumele aphuthelwe ukuvakashela i- Inuit Art Museum (Umnyuziyamu Wezobuciko be-Inuit- MIA) e Toronto. Kubukiswa izingcezu zobuciko ezingenakubalwa lapho, kusuka ezithombeni ezibaziweyo eziqoshiwe ematsheni, ezimpondweni, ezindlovu nasezithanjeni kuya ekuqoshweni, okopende nezingcezu zobumba.

Kuneminye iminyuziyamu ezweni ekhombisa imisebenzi yobuciko nama-Inuit. Okubaluleke kakhulu yilezi Iqoqo Lezobuciko laseMcMichael Canadian, lo Igalari yobuciko yase-Ontario futhi i I-Royal Ontario Museum, ekhombisa izingcezu zasendulo nokudalwa ngabadwebi besimanje abanjengo U-Annie Pootoogook, uKaroo Ashevak o UDavid Piqtoukun, abaqhubeka nezindlela zakudala zobuciko zaleli dolobha.