IDominican bachata uhlobo lomculo oluqala emijondolo nasezindaweni zasemakhaya eDominican Republic. Izinsimbi zayo eziyinhloko bekungamagitarari aseSpain nezinsimbi ezinomthelela wase-Afrika.
Amaphathi omndeni noma ubusuku be-bohemian bavumela abaculi abadumile ukuthi bazitike kumatimu adalwe endizeni. UBachata ngalezo zikhathi wayaziwa njenge-guaracha noma i-Dominican guaracha futhi kamuva kwaziwa njengomculo omunyu.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, IBachata ithonywe ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-guaracha, bolero kanye nomdanso, okujwayelekile eCuba nasePuerto Rico. Njengoba yayicebiswe ngezinsimbi ezintsha ezifana nemarimba, i-guira, i-bongo, ama-maracas kanye ne-timbales, i-bachata yazakhela uqobo lwayo, kokubili ekusebenzeni nasekudanseni.
Asikakabi bikho isiqiniseko ngemvelaphi yegama elithi bachata, kuthiwa livela e-Afrika nakwabanye ukuthi livela eCuba, iqiniso ukuthi Kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, igama elithi bachata lisetshenziswe kuwo wonke amaCaribbean akhuluma iSpanishi ukubhekisa kumdanso nokuzijabulisa kwabantu abampofu., ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni endawo yasedolobheni.
Ngawo-60 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-70, ibachata yayingenakho ukuxhaswa ngabezindaba., ikakhulukazi abaqhamuka eziteshini ebezithatha njengomculo onenhlamba futhi bengawusakazi ngaphandle kweminye imisakazo.
Kusukela ngawo-80, i-bachata yaqhamuka yabezindaba ngempumelelo enkulu, ngenxa yokukhula kwesigaba sabantu esithandwayo nokubaluleka kwaso entuthukweni yezwe. Ingoma kaLuis Segura ethi "Pena por tí" inyuse ukuthandwa kwe-bachata.
Abanye abameleli balolu hlobo lomculo ngu-Anthony Santos, Raulín Rodríguez, Teodoro Reyes noJoe Veras, noma kunjalo kusukela kuma-90s 'uJuan Luis Guerra waba yisilinganiso sohlobo lwe-bachata ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Eminyakeni yokuqala ye-bachata, noma yiliphi inani labaculi abanethonya lenze umthelela wabo kulolu hlobo lohlobo. U-Luís Segura wabhapathizwa njengo "El Padre de la Bachata" ngenxa yomthelela wezingoma zakhe zomculo, kanye nokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside; U-Edilio Paredes no-Augusto Santos badlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu, njengabaculi nabahleli, ekwakheni isakhiwo somculo. ICuco Valoy ihlukile ekusebenzeni njengophromotha, ubuntu bomsakazo, umsabalalisi, kanye nomculi welebula yerekhodi phakathi neminyaka yokuqala ye-bachata. Kukhona indawo eningi yokuphikisana ngokuthi imaphi kula ma-bachateros abe nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo. Kodwa-ke, akukho mpikiswano nhlobo, maqondana ne-bachata yokuqala okufanele ibhekwe njengaleyo ayibhalwanga noma yimuphi wabo, kepha yaqoshwa nguJosé Manuel Calderón ngoMeyi 30, 1962, ezitudiyo zeRadiotelevisión Dominicana. ngothando nokulahlwa).
Isitayela somculo owaqoshwa owomdabu waseSan Pedro sasiseduze kakhulu ne-bolero kunokuhlelwa kwama-guitar amabili e-bachata njengewona ahlukaniswa kakhulu. Ngokungafani namanye ama-bachateros amaningi akamuva, uCalderón akazange acule ngezwi elicashile, kodwa kunalokho nge-sonorous baritone ekhumbuza abaculi baseMexico abanjengoPedro Infante. Amalungiselelo akhe amaningi afaka izingxenye zezintambo, izingxenye zamacilongo, noma upiyano, yize ubuhlakani obuhlukile baseDominican emculweni kaCalderón bekungukusetshenziswa kwe-güira esikhundleni se-maracas ukumaka isikhathi. Ngokungafani namanye ama-bachatero, uCalderón wenza ukuqopha kwakhe nge-güira kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Umculo wakhe nawo wamukelwa umphakathi nabaculi akanye nabo njenge-bolero, ngaphandle kwesigcwagcwa sokuthi i-bachata ingafinyelela phansi. Uqophe i- “Por seguirirte” ngo-1966 ephelezelwa yi-orchestra kaJohnny Ventura, futhi uFelipe Rodríguez omkhulu webolero yasePuerto Rican waba nesandla ekukhuthazeni i- “Llanto a la luna”, cishe ingoma eyintandokazi kaCalderón. UCalderón uqhubeke nokuhlakulela ubungani obuhlala njalo noRodríguez, isitayela sakhe esicishe sifane nesakhe. Ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqopha kwakhe kokuqala okuyisisekelo, wakhipha izingoma ezine, ngakunye zaqhubeka zaba yingqophamlando hhayi kulolu hlobo kuphela kepha nakwisiko laseDominican jikelele - iQuema Labo Izincwadi, Izinyembezi Zegazi, Inyoka Yomuntu kanye nokukhalela i Inyanga Ngokusho kukaCalderón, uqhubeke nokuqopha izingoma ezingamashumi amane nambili ezilandelanayo, ngokwamazinga ezomnotho ongakahleleki, konke lokhu bekuyizinto ezinkulu.
UCalderón ujabulele amalungelo asebenze ngaphambi kokukhishwa inyumbazane kwalolu hlobo, obekungeke kusatholakala kuma-bachateros akamuva, enza ukuqoshwa nezinkampani eziqopha amazwe ezinjengoKubaney. Ngo-1967, waya eNew York ukuyoqopha nenkampani yokuqopha i-BMC, futhi wanquma ukuhlala lapho nomshayi wakhe wesigingci u-Andrés Rodríguez. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela iCalderón yayiwuphawu emcimbini womculo owawuzungeza ikakhulukazi abadlali abadumile be-bolero Puerto Rico njengoFelipe Rodríguez, Blanca Iris Villafañe, Tommy Figueron no-Odilio Gonzáles. Kule nkampani ubedlala ezindaweni ezinjengeRiopiedras Theatre, iJefferson Theatre kanye nedumela lasePuerto Rico Theatre.
Ngo-1972, uCalderón wabuyela eDominican Republic ukuthola inguquko enkulu kumcebo we-bachata. Umculo ngaleso sikhathi wawusukhishwe inyumbazane, uhlotshaniswa nobufebe nobumpofu, futhi kwakunesiteshi somsakazo esisodwa ezweni lonke, iRadio Guarachita, esakaza lo mculo. Ukwehliswa kwe-bachata kumculo “wempilo embi” nakho kwaphazamisa umbono womphakathi ngoCalderón, owabalwa namanye ama-bachatero izitayela zawo zazimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, umculo awenza waqala ukushintsha njengoba uhlobo lwalushintsha, nezingoma aziqamba ngalesi sikhathi zixoxa indaba yempilo yezifebe neyomakhelwane ngendlela efanayo nomculo wamanye ama-bachatero (ngamkhipha ibha, Ukuphuza endaweni yokucima ukoma). Lezi zingoma ziphumelele kwezentengiselwano, kepha azizange zibe ngamasiko adumile aseDominican ngendlela izingoma zawo zangaphambilini ezazinazo. Isimo sasinzima ngokwanele ukukhuthaza uCalderón ukuba abuyele eNew York, lapho abona khona umphakathi waseDominican ukhula eCumbres de Washington, futhi waveza nendawo entsha ye-bachata lapho. Endaweni lapho ayeke wadlalela khona izethameli zasePuerto Rican eceleni kuka-Odilio Gonzáles, manje wadlalela izethameli zaseDominican e-El Internacional, okwathi kamuva kwaba yi-El Restaurante 27 de Febrero.
Ukufika kwesiginci sikagesi ku-bachata kubonakala sengathi kwasibekela isitayela sikaCalderón namanye amaphayona. Kodwa-ke, ngokwamukelwa kwalolo hlobo eminyakeni yamuva nje, waqala ukuthola izingxenye ezithile ezincane zokuqashelwa okuqinisekisiwe ngomlando wakhe wakudala, nangendawo yakhe emlandweni njengomuntu wokuqala ukurekhoda lokho manje esikwaziyo njenge-bachata. Cishe noma yimuphi umcimbi odinga ukugujwa komlando omude nobunzima bomculo kumele umfake ohlwini lwabaculi, kanti eminyakeni edlule uke wadlala ezigabeni zeNational Theatre, iGran Teatro del Cibao neLehman nasemanyuvesi aseHostos. UCalderón uyaqhubeka nokuqopha nokusabalalisa okuqoshiwe kwakhe, futhi njengamanje uzimisele ngokwakha iwebhusayithi yakhe.