Isiginesha yoMthetho Wokuzimela WaseColombia, uwoyela ngumdwebi uCoriolano Leudo
Usuku olusemthethweni lwesimemezelo se- Ukuzimela kweRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia KungoJulayi 20, 1814. Kodwa-ke, ukusayinwa kombhalo okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwalo Mbuso omusha kumane nje kuyisiqalo senqubo eyathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.
Le nkathi yomlando isukela emikhakheni yokuqala elwa nobukoloniyali eyazalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX kuya ekusungulweni kombuso omusha we-republican kanye nokuphela okucacile kokubusa kwamakoloni aseSpain. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuzimela kweColombia kwakhiwa esikhathini esiqhubekayo kusukela ngo-1810 kuya ku-1824. Sichaza izehlakalo zomlando kanye nezinto ezinelukuluku lokwazi ngalesi sikhathi semininingwane ngezansi:
Izinqubo zokuzimela zezindawo zaseSpain eMelika zigqugquzelwe yi Imibono ekhanyisiwe nenkululeko yekhulu le-XNUMX nasezinhlelweni ezinkulu zenguquko yangaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi I-United States Uhuru (1776) kanye ne- I-French Revolution (1789). Isichasiso saso esiyinhloko sitholakala ku Ukuvukelwa kwamaComuneros ngokumelene nezinqubomgomo ezihlukumezayo ze-viceroy ngo-1781.
Ukuhlaselwa kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia ngamasosha kaNapoleon ngo-1808 kwafaka iSpain enkingeni enkulu. Ukulandela imodeli yedolobha elikhulu, kwakhiwa amadolobha amaningi e-viceroyalty Amabhodi Kahulumeni. Amanye ala maBhodi ahlala ethembekile kulo mqhele, amanye ngakolunye uhlangothi akhombisa intshisekelo yawo yokuzibusa kusukela ekuqaleni, ebona kulezi zimo zomlando ithuba lokufeza izinhloso zawo.
IFlorero House - iMnyuziyamu Yokuzimela, eBogotá
Ukuqala kwe-Independence yaseColombia: La Patria Boba
Kuze kube ukuzimela kwayo, insimu yaseColombia yayifakiwe ku- Ukuzimisela kweNew Granada, okubandakanya nezifundazwe zamanje ze-Ecuador neVenezuela. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sombuso omusha waseColombia otholakalayo saziwa ngegama le- UPatria Boba, ebonakala ngokuba yisikhathi seziyaluyalu futhi esigcwele izingxabano.
Isigameko okuthiwa se I-llorente vase ngonyaka we-1810 kubhekwa njengomcimbi oqeda ukuba khona kobuholi bobuqotho.
I-Llorente Vase
Lesi siqephu somlando esibonakala siyibhange sishise inhlansi yenkululeko. Umthengisi waseSpain UJose Gonzalez Llorente wenqabile ukuboleka i-vase ku Izilimi ezixubile (AbaseMelika abadabuka eYurophu) okwakuzosetshenziswa ekuvakasheni kwe-regent U-Antonio Villavicencio, umsekeli wenkululeko. Lokhu kungavumelani kwasetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ukungagculiseki kwamaCreoles nokuphakamisa umoya wezinguquko nokumemezela uHulumeni omusha weJunta oholwa ngu UJosé María Pey de Andrade.
La Indlu yeVase, lapho konke kwenzeke khona, njengamanje kuhlala izindlu ze- I-Independence Museum.
Izifundazwe Ezihlangene zeNew Granada
Ngo-1812 ukuzalwa kwe- IRiphabhuliki yezifundazwe ezihlangene zaseNew Granada, isimo sembungu seColombia yesikhathi esizayo. Le republic, enomsebenzi wobumbano, yahlangabezana nokuphikiswa yilabo abathanda ukuthi isizwe esisha senziwe njengombuso owodwa.
Ukungavumelani kwaholela ku impi yombango phakathi kwama-federalists kanye ne-centralists. Ukungqubuzana kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1815, lapho zombili izinhlangothi zanquma ukujoyina amabutho lapho kusongelwa amabutho asebukhosini, ayefuna ukubuyisa umbuso waseSpain esifundeni.
Ukunqoba kabusha kweSpain kweNew Granada
Nini UFerdinand VII ukwazile ukubuyisa ukuthula eSpain, wathunyelwa emazweni aseMelika ku UPablo Murillo, obizwa ngokuthi "uMenzi Wokuthula", ngenhloso yokuphinda anqobe ubuqhawe.
Phakathi nalo mkhankaso wezempi idolobha lase Cartagena de Indiaas wahlupheka a ukuvimbezela Ihlale izinsuku ezingama-102 ngaphambi kokuwela ezandleni zaseSpain.
Ukwehlulwa kwezempi kwama-Independentistas kwalandelwa ukucindezelwa okunzima okwaziwa njenge Isikhathi Sokwesaba, okwaphumela ekuboshweni nasekubulaweni kaningi.
Umkhankaso Wenkululeko kanye nokuzimela okucacile kweColombia
Ngemuva kokungenelela kwamasosha aseSpain, ama-Independentistas athatha isikhashana ukuhlela kabusha. Kepha ngo-1818 Umkhankaso Wenkululeko ngaphansi komyalo we USimon Bolivar, eyayisizwa abaseBrithani. Umkhankaso uphethe ngokuthi Impi kaBoyaca (1819), ngokunqotshwa okucacile kwama-royalists, aphoqeleka ukuba aholele eCagagena de Indias.
UBolívar wangena eBogotá ngo-Agasti 10, 1819. Kusukela lapho, kusukela enhlokodolobha yezwe elisha elizimele laseColombia, kwahlanganiswa izindlela zamasosha ukuqeda amaphakethe okugcina eSpain.