Isifunda semivubukulo saseTierradentro, eCauca

Omunye wamagugu amakhulu empucuko yangaphambi kweColombia e Colombia iku- I-Tierradentro National Archaeological Park. Lesi siqiwi semivubukulo samenyezelwa njenge-World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO ngo-1995 futhi sise- Umnyango weCauca, ikakhulukazi komasipala baseBelalcázar nase-Inzá.

Izinsalela eziyinhloko zigxilwe edolobheni lase ISan Andrés de Pisimbalá, indawo yesiyaluyalu esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho izintaba nemihume yemvelo kugcwele khona. Ipaki libhekwa njenge esinye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zaseColombia.

Ukutholwa kwengcebo yemivubukulo

Yize abaseSpain sebevele bathola izinto nezinye izinsalela zemiphakathi yasendulo esifundeni saseTierradentro ngenkathi yekoloniyali, ukutholakala kweqiniso kungabhalwa ngo-1936. U-Alfredo Navia, UMbusi woMnyango waseCauca, uthumele ucwaningo lokuqala olunzulu lwesayensi yale ndawo.

UGeorg burg Wayengusosayensi wokuma komhlaba owahola ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezivelele zesifunda iTierradentro, ngenxa yosizo olukhulu lwabalimi bakule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, izinto eziningi, izikhumbuzo nezindawo zahlonzwa.

Ngomsebenzi ophelele futhi owenziwe ngendlela efanelekile, iBurg yajikeleza imikhondo yalesi sifunda, yenza ukumbiwa, yavutha imigwaqo ehlathini, futhi yakha imininingwane imephu yemivubukulo wesifunda.

Ngokuya ngomsebenzi kaBurg, amaqembu ahlukene abavubukuli aqhubekile nokuhlola le ndawo nokukhomba izindawo eziningi zemivubukulo kuze kube namuhla.

Izindawo zokuvubukula zaseTierradentro

Emgwaqweni ohlanganisa amadolobha aseSan Andrés de Pisimbalá naseNeiva kukhona izindlela zokungena ezindaweni eziyinhloko zemivubukulo yaseTierradentro. Kuyo yonke indawo siyathola amathuna angaphansi komhlaba noma i-hypogeakanye nezifanekiso zamatshe.

Ipaki yemivubukulo yakhiwe ezindaweni eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko:

• I-Alto del Aguacate.
• U-Alto de San Andrés.
• I-Loma de Segovia.
• I-Alto del Duende.
• IPlank.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindawo kufanele futhi ukuvakashela i- iminyuziyamu emibili I-Tierradentro: i-archaeological kanye ne-ethnographic. Zombili zitholakala edolobheni laseSan Andrés.

I-Hypogea

Ngaphezu kokuhlala kwabantu, iTierradentro yayiyinhle ezipro ehlala endaweni engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-2.000 3.000. Amathuna atholakala ezindaweni eziningi, amelwe kakhulu yiSegovia. Lawa magumbi okungcwatshwa kuwo edwaleni eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-XNUMX XNUMX edlule asifinyelele esesimweni esihle.

I-hypogea ifakazela impucuko (eye yabhabhadiswa njenge "Tierradentro culture"), eyathatha ukufa njengesigaba esisodwa sokuphila. Ukulandela i- imidwebo yodonga futhi i umngcwabo trousseau okutholakale kuzo kutholakala ukuthi ngaphakathi zenzeka imikhosi yenkolo kuhlobene nokuhamba kuya empilweni yangemva kokufa.

Iningi lamathuna laphangwa eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu. Amagugu agcinwe namuhla eminyuziyamu ayingxenye encane yomcebo wokuqala walezi zindawo.

E-Tierradentro kunama-hypogea ayi-162 abhalisiwe, amanye awo afinyelela ubukhulu obungafika kumamitha ayi-12 ububanzi.

Izifanekiso nezicucu zemivubukulo

Ezinkulu nazo ziheha ukunaka kwabahambi. izithombe zamatshe ezakhuliswa kule ndawo, ezingaphezu kuka-500. Eziningi zazo zazifihlwe ehlathini futhi azizange zikubone ukukhanya futhi kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.

Lezi zithombe zibonakala zimele izibalo zempi, yize eziningi zazo zikhona zoomorphic. Ziqoshwe ngemininingwane enkulu nangokucacile. Ezinye zazo zidlula amamitha ayisikhombisa ukuphakama. Kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wabo bekuwukusebenza "njengabaqaphi" bamathuna.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, UJuan de Gertrudis, owaseSpain wokuqala ukuthola lezi zithombe ngo-1757, wazichaza njenge- "Umsebenzi oyiqiniso kaDeveli". Njengamanje, lezi zithombe ziboshelwe ukugwema ukuphanga.

Ngaphezu kwamathuna nezithombe, le mpucuko yangaphambi kukaColombia isishiyele izibonelo eziningi zobungoti bayo kubuciko bokwenza igolide. Iminyuziyamu inamasongo egolide namaski okusolwa ukuthi kwakusetshenziswa emasikweni abo. Okumangalisa kakhulu kukhonjiswa endaweni ebabazekayo IBogotá Gold Museum.

Vakashela iTierradentro Park

Kuze kube muva nje bekungenakwenzeka vakashela iTierradentro Archaeological Park. Kwakunomsebenzi obalulekile wama-guerrilla kuso sonke lesi sifunda (ingxenye enkulu yendawo yayilawulwa yi-FARC).

Ngenhlanhla, lesi simo sesishintshile futhi namuhla iTierradentro ivakashelwa izivakashi kanye nabafundi bezinto zakudala futhi. Ukuvakashelwa okubalulekile eColombia kunoma yimuphi umthandi omuhle womlando.

Ukufinyelela epaki kubiza ama-pesos angama-35.000 aseColombia (cishe ama-euro angama-8). Kunezintengo ezikhethekile zabafundi, abathathe umhlalaphansi kanye namalungu abantu bomdabu esifundeni. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 zingangena mahhala. Intengo yethikithi lezivakashi nezakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe ngama-euro angama-50.000 (cishe ama-euro ayi-11,5).