Sekungamashumi eminyaka ama-ornithologists kanye nabathandi bemvelo abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba behambela eNingizimu Melika ukuyobona ukunotha nombala we izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon.
Lokhu akukhona ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala: ekuqaleni kuka-1970, isazi sezinyoni saseSwitzerland naseMelika URodolphe Meyer weSchahauensee kusho incwadi yakhe "Umhlahlandlela wezinyoni zaseNingizimu Melika" (Umhlahlandlela wezinyoni zaseNingizimu Melika) ukuthi kwakungekho ndawo emhlabeni enezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni njengase-Amazon.
Futhi noma kunjalo, ukwenza ikhathalogi ephelele yazo zonke izinyoni ezihlala kule ngxenye yomhlaba kungumsebenzi onzima. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi esifundeni sonke (okubandakanya okuningi kweBrazil, iVenezuela, iColombia, iPeru nezinye izifundazwe), isibalo esiphelele sizoba cishe yizinhlobo eziyi-1.300. Kulaba, cishe isigamu kungaba njalo ubudlova.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe kulesi siphetho, izibalo zenani lezinyoni ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon eliphethwe yizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zithathiwe njengesisekelo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zesifunda, kanti ezinye zisatshalaliswa ngokulingana kulo lonke i-Amazon.
Nasi isampula sezinyoni ezimele kakhulu ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon:
Abaphangi
Isifunda sase-Amazon siyikhaya lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-raptors ezihlukile emhlabeni. Okwaziwa kakhulu yi- Ukhozi olunguHarpy (I-Harpia harpyja), okwamanje esongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, isengatholakala eColombia, e-Ecuador, eGuyana, eVenezuela, ePeru, eSuriname, eFrance Guyana, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil nasenyakatho ye-Argentina.
Ukhozi olunguHarpy
Ngamamitha angaba mabili wamaphiko, kunjalo olunye lwezinkozi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Izimpaphe zawo ezimpunga, ezimhlophe kanye nezimnyama, zihlangene nesigaxa saso esiyingqayizivele, isici sazo esivelele.
Ezinye izinyoni ezijwayelekile ezidla lesi sifunda yilezi uklebe oluyimfihlo (I-Micrastur mintoriigagasi isikhova esikhanyisiwe (I-Pulsatix perspicillata).
Ama-hummingbird nezinyoni ezincane
Iqembu lezinyoni elikhulu kunawo wonke emahlathini ase-Amazon ngokungangabazeki yizinyoni ezincane, eziculayo noma cha. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezimele kakhulu njenge itopazi le-hummingbird (ITopaza pella), ngomsila wayo omude nokubhakuza okusheshayo. Le nyoni enhle inezimpaphe ezinemibala egqamile futhi isebenzisa uqhwaku lwayo oluhle ukuncela impova ezimbalini. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi esifundeni sonke.
Itopazi le-hummingbird
Kunezinyoni eziningi ezengeziwe e-Amazon, ikhathalogi enkulu. Ukucaphuna kokunye okwaziwa kakhulu, sizokhuluma nge- nuthatch obomvu (I-Dendrocolaptes picummus), okuwuhlobo lwesiqophamithi. Ukukhulunywa okukhethekile ngenyoni emaphakathi, kepha exotic kakhulu futhi edumile: the i-toucan (URamphastos wadlala), ibonakala kakhulu ngomlomo wayo omkhulu.
IGallinaceae nama-mallards
Kunezinye izinyoni eziningi ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon ezizosimangaza. Izinhlobo zomndeni we-gallinaceae zinemilenze eqinile, imilomo emifushane, futhi ngokuvamile azikwazi ukundiza noma zikwazi kuphela ukuhamba ngezindiza ezimfushane ezindaweni eziphansi.
UCamungo
Kulesi sigaba kuvelele ikhamungo (I-Anhima cornuta), inyoni efana neTurkey ibonakala kalula ngesigaxa esincane esiphuma ngaphezu komlomo waso.
Esifundeni esinemifula, imisele kanye namachibi amaningi njenge-Amazon, kunengqondo ukuthola izinyoni eziningi zomndeni amadada, okungukuthi, amadada nokunye okunjalo. I- Orinoco ihansi noma i idada le-wigeon Yizinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa i- hawu, idada lasendle elinezimpaphe ezimibalabala kakhulu.
Opholi kanye Macaws
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni ngokungangabazeki olokuqala oluza engqondweni lapho sicabanga ngezilwane zase-Amazon. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-macaws, ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezimpawu zomzimba. I- i-hyacinth macaw (U-Anodorhynchus Hyacinthinus), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-blue macaw, mhlawumbe idume kakhulu. Inezimpaphe ezivuthayo, ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinezimpaphe zegolide esilevini. Ngeshwa, kuyisilwane esisengozini enkulu.
IHyacinth macaw
Olunye uhlobo oluhlaba umxhwele kakhulu yi- iphiko eliluhlaza i-macaw (I-Ara chloroptera), engatholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesifunda sase-Amazon. Lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa ngamandla omlomo wazo, ubuhlakani bazo nokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside, ngoba zingaphila iminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
Izinyoni ezifunayo
Izinhlobo zezinyoni zeCarrion, ezondla izinsalela zezinye izilwane ezifile. Ungaluthola futhi lolu hlobo lwenyoni ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon. Phakathi kwabo, kukhona eyodwa evelele ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye: inkosi yenqe (ISarcoramphus papa). Akusona isilwane esinomusa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yamabala anemibala nokuqhuma okonakalisa ubuso baso.
Inkosi yamanqe
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi, njengesihlobo sayo sase-Andesan i- I-CondorInomoya othile wezicukuthwane owenza ihehe ngokukhethekile. Ngokuya ngendawo ye-Amazon ehlala kuyo, le nyoni ithola amagama ahlukene, njenge i-jungle condor o inkosi zamuro.