Imizi yaseRussia: i-Orel

orel Ingelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu aseRussia atholakala eMfuleni i-Oka, anomlando omude futhi omangalisayo. Yasungulwa ngo-1564 ngu-Ivan IV njengesikhundla sokuvikela ekuhlaselweni yiMongol. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili yalimala kabi.

I-Orel manje iyisikhungo senhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe sase-Orel. Kuyaziwa ngokuba yikhaya lombhali odumile waseRussia u-Ivan Turgenev, owachitha ubuntwana bakhe lapho. Indlu abehlala kuyona manje isiphenduke isigcinamagugu. Futhi i-Orel iyisikhungo sokuhweba ngezolimo. Izinto zokwenziwa zifaka imishini, okokugqoka, ufulawa nobhiya.

I-Orel yasungulwa ngo-1564 ngu-Ivan IV njengendawo yokuvikela ekuhlaselweni yiMongol. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili yalimala kabi. Yize ingekho imibhalo egciniwe yomlando, ubufakazi bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuthi isivumelwano sasikhona phakathi kwenqaba noMfula i-Oka Orlik ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, lapho umhlaba wawuyingxenye yeGreat Principality yaseChernigov. Igama lale nqaba alaziwa, belingenakubizwa ngokuthi i-Oriol ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngekhulu le-13 le nqaba yaba yingxenye yesifunda saseZvenigorod seKarachev Principality. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, le ndawo yanqotshwa iGrand Duchy yaseLithuania. Idolobha lashiywa ngokushesha ngabantu balo, ngemuva kokuxoshwa ngabaseLithuania noma yiGolden Horde. Insimu yaba yingxenye yeBarbary ngekhulu le-16.

U-Ivan Omubi Unqume ukuthi inqaba entsha yakhiwe emhlabathini ngo-1566, ukuze kuvikelwe imingcele eseningizimu yeMuscovy. Le nqaba yakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu, yaqala ukusebenza ehlobo lika-1566 yaphela entwasahlobo ka-1567.

Isiza esikhethiwe besingaphansi kokuhleleka okuhlelekile, njengoba inqaba isendaweni enezikhukhula eziphansi zonyaka eziqonde kalula ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingomakhelwane. Kokubili isivinini nendawo, kunjalo, ngenxa yenqaba entsha eyakhiwe emanxiweni endala.

I-Oryol yakhiwa kabusha ngo-1636 kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-18 i-Orel yaba esinye sezikhungo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza okusanhlamvu, noMfula i-Oka waba umzila obalulekile wezohwebo kwaze kwaba ngu-1860, lapho wathathelwa indawo ujantshi wesitimela.