Matryoshka, unodoli waseRussia

Kunezinto ezithile ezivela emazweni athile ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke. I-sushi ngeJapan, iziketi ze-kilt zingamaScotland ngakho-ke singenza uhlu olude. Akunandaba ukuthi lelo zwe sazi okuncane noma okuningi, lokho sekuzolikhomba.

Endabeni yeRussia, ngingasho ukuthi kunezinto ezimbili ezi-quintessentially Russian: i-vodka ne onodoli umabhebhana. Lamadonki amahle angena ngaphakathi komunye nomunye ngokufana nemisebenzi yezandla yaseRussia.

IMatroshka, indaba

Yize umuntu engacabanga ngokufanele ukuthi la madonki amancane amahle ayinto endala kakhulu, akunjalo. Kuyinto yokusungula yesimanje noma "yesimanje" ngomqondo wangempela wegama kusukela avele okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.

Emuva ngaleso sikhathi kwakusebenza en Abramtsevo, EMoscow, indawo yokufundisa izingane ukuthi wayesungule usomabhizinisi ocebile owayethanda ubuciko, uSava Mamontov. Lezo kwakuyizikhathi ezingalawuleki hhayi eRussia kuphela kodwa nasemhlabeni.

Cabanga ukuthi iYurophu endala yayizakha kabusha kanjani kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, nokuguquka kwayo okulandelayo emphakathini, futhi noma iRussia yayisalele emuva kuleyo nqubo, imimoya yenguquko yayishaya nalapha.

Emkhakheni wezobuciko, a okusha isitayela sobuciko baseRussia futhi bebebaningi abaculi ababizwe ngusomabhizinisi ukuthi babambe iqhaza kumasifundisane akhe. Ngokwendaba esemthethweni ngolunye usuku oluhle othile weza nomuntu waseJapan, i- fukuruma, impela isibalo esinezinye ezincane ngaphakathi, njenge-matrioksa yaseRussia yesikhathi esizayo.

Izingcweti zaseRussia zawuthola ngokushesha lo mbono futhi baqala ukusebenza ezinombolweni zokhuni ezimise ama-aphula, amaqanda ePhasika, nabesifazane. Omunye wabo ushayele Sergei I-Maliutin wanquma ukusebenzisana nabantu baseJapane ukudala okuthile okuyiRussia kakhulu.

Yakhelwe yona futhi ngacela usizo kumkhandi wezinkuni okuthiwa ngu Zveudochin ngubani ekugcineni owadala udoli wokuqala nabanye ngaphakathi ngokhuni. UMaliutin unikeze impilo emndenini wabalimi baseRussia ngakho-ke labo kwakungabo "onodoli baseRussia" bokuqala: umama onezingane eziyisikhombisa ngakho-ke kwakukhona onodoli abayisishiyagalombili sebebonke.

Uma ngolunye usuku uya eRussia futhi uwuthanda lo msebenzi wobuciko, ungavakashela iMuseum of Toys bese ubona leyo sethi yokuqala yama-matrioskas nabanye abaningi abayingxenye yalesi sahluko sokuqala emlandweni weRussia edume kakhulu ubuciko.

Iqiniso ngukuthi lo mkhakha ushintshe kancane kakhulu kusukela ngo-1890. Izinkuni ze-birch ne-lime zivame ukusetshenziswa esikwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amagxolo ayasuswa, awashiye ezindaweni zokuwavimbela ukuba omile aqhephuke. Imichilo emide iyasikwa ibekwe ezinqwabeni ezihlukene ukuze umoya uzungeze.

Lezi zinqwaba zivame ukutholakala ngaphandle iminyaka emininganaYebo, ukufunde kahle lokho, iminyaka hhayi izinsuku noma izinyanga. Umqondo ngukuthi izinkuni zamukela izici ezithile ngaphandle kokuthi zome, ngakho-ke iso eliqaphile likathisha liyadingeka ukuze lisuswe endaweni yalo efanele bese liqala ukulungisa izingcezu ezizoba onodoli besikhathi esizayo.

Inqubo ephelele ezokwakha i-matryoshka iqukethe izigaba ezehlukene ezingaphezulu noma ngaphansi kweziyishumi nanhlanu. Noma kunjalo, Kungani aziwa ngegama lika matryoshka o i-matryoska? Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi ngubani oqhamuke nayo kodwa kuyiqiniso lokho isuselwa ku i-matriona, igama elidala laseRussia elithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kubalulekile ingumama ngesiLatini ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi nayo itholakala lapho.

Futhi iqhubeka kanjani indaba yalamadonki amancane amahle? Yebo, isikhashana bebewumkhiqizo nje wale workshop kodwa lapho konke kuvaliwe, abafundi, imishini nothisha, bathuthela khona USergei posad, eduze neMoscow. Ngokusemthethweni lapha kulapho owokuqala matryoshka, ngamakhilomitha angama-73 kuphela ukusuka enhlokodolobha yaseRussia, edolobheni elinesigodlo sezindela sekhulu le-XNUMX.

Izindela zakhuthaza imisebenzi yezandla namathoyizi enziwe ngokhuni kwakulula ukwenziwa, eshibhile futhi elula ngakho amadolobhana namadolobha azungeze iSergei Posad Trinity Monastery aba izingcweti ezithandwayo.

Emakethe yayo enkulu kusatshalaliswe abantu nemikhiqizo efana naleyo ukuthi umabhebhana baqala ukubonana nokukopisha futhi lezo bekuyizinyathelo zokuqala emlandweni osheshayo wale doli.

Ochwepheshe baseMarryoshka bakhomba izigaba ekukhuleni kwesihlakala: ekuqaleni ukwakheka kobuso bekubaluleke kakhulu. Lapho-ke igama lalisezingutsheni. Izethulo zokuqala zazingezabantu abampofu, abathengisi futhi kamuva, yebo, zezikhulu. Ngisho nokuma kukadoli uqobo kwakuguquka futhi kuguquka, kusuka kwisitayela sakudala kuya kwesitayela esithe xaxa.

Okokugcina baqala ukuvela umabhebhana Okukhethekile, okwenziwe kwaba ngokwakho nokwenziwa komuntu ngamunye, okwakumele ngisho nabantu bezombusazwe. Yilokho okwenzeka eJalimane, umbusi wangaleso sikhathi i-Ukraine, ingxenye yoMbuso WaseRussia.

Eminye imindeni nayo yaqala ukuqasha izingcweti ukuze ibamele kulo mklamo omuhle futhi omnandi, kepha Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile kwakukhona amaTurkey, amaShayina, amaLithuania, umndeni wamaTatar, ama-Ukraine.

Kepha zingaki izingcezu umuntu angaba nazo matryoshka? Lezo ezazithengiswa emakethe yaseSergei Posad zazinezicucu ezisukela kwezimbili kuya kweziyi-24 kodwa Kulezi zinsuku isethi ejwayelekile ingaba nezicucu ezintathu, eziyisishiyagalombili nezishumi nambili. Bekukhona abaculi abajabule benza amasethi angama-48. Kuhle! Lesi sethi siseM Toy Museum kodwa eSaint Petersburg.

Iqiniso ukuthi lokho okuqale njengomsebenzi wezandla olula, into eyenziwe ngokushesha futhi engahlotshiswanga kakhulu, bekuzenzela impilo yayo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhamba kwesikhathi nezitayela ezahlukahlukene zobuciko kushiye uphawu lwazo.

Uma umabhebhana USergei Posad abengabokuqala, futhi labo Semiovo, ngemibala yayo, i-varnishes yayo nesitayela sezingubo zayo. Kuze kube namuhla zingenye yezidume kakhulu futhi zidume ngokunembile ngoba amasethi awo amaningi e-matryoshka akhiwe yizicucu eziningi.

Isethi enkulu kunazo zonke yayinezicucu ezingama-72 futhi yenzelwa isikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kukaLenin ngo-1970. Lobu buciko abuzimanga buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. USergei Posad, uSemionovo noPolkhovsky Maidan yizindawo ezinikezelwe ukudala lezi zimangaliso ezincane.

Namuhla unayo izitayela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo: zakudala, zendabuko, uhlamvu lwezepolitiki, umlingiswa wencwadi yamahlaya, isitayela senkolo, inkambiso.

I-Las umabhebhana ziyizipho zakudala eRussia ngosuku lomshado, njengamathoyizi ezingane, ukuqoqa, ukuhlobisa into noma njengesipho lapho kuzalwa ingane noma ngoSuku Lomama. Ungakhohlwa ukuletha ezinye!