Izizwe zabomdabu eVenezuela: Warao

Njengamanje eVenezuela singathola izizwe zomdabu ezahlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-26: Akawayo, Añu, Arawak del Norte, Bari, Eñepa, Guajibo, Jodi, Kariña, Mapoyo, Pemon, Piaroa, Puinave, Pume, Saliva, Sape, Uruak, Warao, Wayuu , Yanomami, Yavarana, Yekuana, Yeral, Yurpa nase-Arawak del Sur. Kepha kule ndatshana sizongena esizweni I-Warao, idolobha lomdabu elisendaweni yase-Orinoco delta, omunye wemifula ebaluleke kakhulu eLatin America nokuthi ingxenye enkulu iwela iVenezuela.

Isikhathi esidala seWarao ese-Orinoco Delta kunzima ukusungula, kepha izifundo zakamuva, ezisuselwa ezingcezwini zobumba, ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi umsuka wayo usukela eminyakeni eyi-17.000 ngaphambi kukaKristu. Ngale mininingwane, konke kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sizwe yisona esidala kunazo zonke eDelta naseVenezuela. Igama elithi Warao elihunyushwe ngesiCastilian lisho Abantu bezikebhe.

Okwamanje, IWarao yiqembu lesibili ngobukhulu eVenezuela ngemuva kweWayú enabantu abalinganiselwa kubantu abangama-40.000. Yize eminyakeni yama-60 bekunemicimbi eminingana ebingaholela ekuqothulweni kwalesi sizwe, njengokufakwa usawoti emanzini kanye ne-acidification yenhlabathi, okudale ukwehla kokudoba, bazi ukuthi bangazivumelanisa kanjani nezimo ezintsha zemvelo, yize le micimbi yabangela ukufuduka okukhulu okuya emadolobheni amakhulu.

AmaWarao akhiwe ngokwedlulele, aqinile futhi awanazintshebe. Njengoba bahlala bathintana njalo namanzi, udaba lwezingubo alubalulekile kubo futhi imvamisa basebenzisa kuphela indwangu encane abayidlula phakathi kwemilenze yabo bese behla phambi kwabo njengephinifa. Esikhundleni salokho abesifazane bagqoka ngezimpaphe, imicu ye-curagua namasongo zombili ezihlakaleni ezinemilenze.

Ulimi

Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva evela kuNational Census yaseVenezuela, ehambelana nonyaka ka-2001, njengamanje kunama-waraos abhalisiwe angama-36.000. Kulesi samba, abanye abangama-28.000 bazibiza njengezikhulumi ze-Warao ngenkathi Abangu-3000 basebenzisa iSpanishi njengowukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana. Ulimi lwe-Warao olusetshenziswa kakhulu yilesi sizwe kanye namaCreole amaningi aseVenezuela.

Ukudla

Umthombo wayo oyinhloko wokudla, owasungulwa e-Orinoco Delta Badoba i-morocoto ne-guabina, kodwa futhi bazingela amagundane amancane njenge-limpet ne-acure, noma kunjalo banobusi nezithelo zezithelo zasendle. Ngeziphonso ezomile, izinkalankala zingumthombo wazo wokudla. I-moriche ingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-Warao, eyake yakhishwa ngaphakathi kwesihlahla, ngenqubo enzima kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ikhekhe le-yuruma. Kepha ayisetshenziselwa ukudla kuphela, kepha nesiqu salesi sihlahla sisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yezandla nanjengomphelelisi wokwakhiwa, kungaba ngezindonga, uphahla lwangaphakathi, amabhuloho ... Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-moriche umthombo izipuni zokudoba ezaziwa njenge-nahalda.

Ure, i-tuber ecebile isitashi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Kube esikhundleni sesitashi se-moriche ngoba ingavunwa unyaka wonke, obekulokhu kuguqula indlela abadla ngayo iWaraos.

indawo yokuhlala

I-Warao zihlelwe emiphakathini emincane ebizwa ngokuthi i-rancherínjengoba, Zitholakala osebeni lomfula, futhi zakhiwe cishe izindlu eziyi-15, ezingathatha abantu abangafika kuma-200. Le miphakathi iholwa umbusi, ukaputeni kanye nomshushisi ophethe ukuhlela kokubili umsebenzi womphakathi kanye namasiko ahlukene eWarao. Lezi zikhundla zivame ukunikezwa amadoda. Esikhundleni sezindlu, othatha izinqumo ngowesifazane, ophethe ukuphatha ezomnotho wasekhaya, ehambisa isivuno nokuzingela emndenini wakhe.

Zonke izindlu zixhunywe komunye nomunye ngamabhuloho amancane enziwe ngezingodo, njengezindlu. Izindawo zokuhlala Zivikelwe ngamahlamvu esundu eTemiche futhi kwesinye isikhathi banezindonga ezilandela isiko lokhokho babo. Kulesi sihlahla baphinde basebenzise iziqu ezidingekayo ukwakha izindlu, ezihlala zibheke emfuleni, futhi zakhiwa yikhishi elenziwe ngodaka nezindunduma lapho bengaphumula khona, ngoba isikhathi esiningi basichitha ngaphandle kwezindlu.

Kepha akuzona kuphela izindlu ezakhiwe emfuleni osebenzisa umfula uMorichales nawo awusebenzisayo, lapho asusa khona i-moriche, ukwakha izindlu ezincane, ezilula zomndeni owodwa, embozwe ngamaqabunga e-moriche.

Izinkolelo

Izinkolelo zeWarao zixhumene nemimoya ebizwa ngokuthi Ake, inikezwe ngesizathu, ubulili nentando ezingaba ngayo nethemba, ezimbi noma ezingathathi hlangothi, kuya ngokuziphatha kwabantu. Ake ubekhona kuzo zonke izinto nezici zempilo weWarao, yibo futhi abaphethe ukulawula izivunguvungu, izikhukhula, isomiso ... Ngaphakathi kwe Ake Ake, sithola okuhle nokubi. I-benign Ake itholakala ezingcezwini ezincane ze-quartz ngenkathi ezibulalayo zikhona egazini lokuya esikhathini. Ama-Ake aqinisekise ukuthi iWarao ihlala ngokuzwana, inikela ngokulinganisela, ukuthula nokuzwana emphakathini. Le mimoya iyavumelana ngenxa yomusi weWina, owenziwa ngokusonga ugwayi ngeqabunga leManaca.

Ukuthutha

Phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene, njengoba ingekho imigwaqo, iWarao isebenzisa amapayipi njengendlela yokuxhumana. Okuyinhloko izindlela zokuhamba yi-curiana noma isikebhe ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva bebelokhu befaka izinjini ezinamandla aphansi futhi ezenziwa kusuka ku-log eyodwa eyebiwe yashiswa ngaphakathi ukuze bakwazi ukuyivula nokwelula izinhlangothi zayo.

Matrimonio

Imishado phakathi kweWarao ivame ukwenziwa ibe semthethweni nabantu abavela kweminye imiphakathi futhi akwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngomkhosi. AbakwaWaraos bathembekile kulezi zithandani, bashada besebancane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho owesifazane efika esigabeni sokuthomba.

imfundo

Lapho zingekho izikhungo zemfundo, ezincane kunazo zonke basekela imfundo yabo ekubukeni nasekufundeni okwenziwa ngabantu abadala. Abantu abadala nabo bazinikele ekubambisaneni ekufundiseni okuncane kakhulu ngokuxoxa izindaba lapho ezimweni eziningi, umphumela uba ukuxoshwa emphakathini. Ngale ndlela bafunda ukuthi yini imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke futhi basebenzise imithetho yezenhlalo elawula umphakathi.

Yezandla

AmaWaraos abelokhu engongoti kwezobumba futhi ubufakazi balokhu yizicucu eziningi zobumba ezisindisiwe ekumbeni okwenziwe e-Amacuro Delta. Namuhla basengabakhandi abasezingeni eliphezulu, kepha abazinikele njengakudala kuphela kubumba, kepha basebenzisa izitshalo ze-moriche nezinkuni ze-sangrito yenza obhasikidi, imigexo, izibalo zezilwane, ama-sebucanes, amamanares, amantombazane amahle, i-chinchorros de moriche...

Cultura

AmaWaraos adume ngokuba ngabantu abajabulayo nabajabulayo. I-repertoire yemidanso eyingqayizivele kanye nezingoma zayo ibanzi kakhulu. Izinsimbi zomculo eziyinhloko zindala, njenge-dau-kojo, i-najsemoi, i-kariso kanye ne-mujúsemoi (eyenziwe nge-tibia yenyamazane). Kepha hhayi ukusebenzisa izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokhokho babo, kodwa futhi sebenzisa ama-maraca, izigubhu zesikhumba ze-araguato kanye ne-violin yaseYurophu.