Amabhange Aphezulu eNdiya

Umkhakha webhange waseNdiya

Uhlelo lwezezimali lwe- India Iveza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo eyenzeka emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Umsebenzi wezezimali ulawulwa kakhulu nguHulumeni futhi ugxile ezinkampanini zezimali zomphakathi. Empeleni, wonke amabhange aseNdiya, kufaka phakathi amabhange azimele, alawulwa yi ICentral Bank of India (RBI) Ungumzimba omkhulu wokuphatha wohlelo lwezezimali.

Nokho, Umkhakha wamabhange waseNdiya ushintshe kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1991, kwaqala inguquko ebihamba phambili ebandakanya izinqubo zokuxhasa ukukhululeka komkhakha kanye nokwenziwa kwamalungelo ezimele. Isibonelo, ivunyelwe ukukhulula amanani enzalo, manje angabekwa ngokukhululeka yizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene. Umphumela walezi zinguquko uyi-panorama entsha yezomnotho ezweni lase-Asia. Lezi-ke yilezi amabhange amakhulu eNdiya:

Ibhange lezentengiselwano laseNdiya lakheke emaqenjini amabili amakhulu:

  • Amabhange Ezentengiselwano Angahleliwe, eyenziwe ngamabhange ezentengiselwano angabhalisiwe ngaphansi kweSheduli Yesibili yeReserve Bank of India Act, umthetho osukela esikhathini senkathi yamakoloni, njengoba wamiswa ngo-1934, kodwa usasebenza. Kulesi sigaba kunamabhange endawo. Ukubaluleka kwawo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamabhange lwamanje kunomkhawulo.
  • Amabhange Ezentengiselwano Ahleliwe, okusho ukuthi, amabhange amabhizinisi abhalisiwe ngaphansi komthetho oshiwo ngenhla. Nawo la mabhange ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
    • Amabhange omphakathi.
    • Izinhlangano zebhange ezizimele (kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe)

Amabhange omphakathi

Amabhange aseNdiya ahlanganiswe emkhakheni wangasese akha iqembu elinobukhulu obungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:

I-SBI

I-State Bank of India (i-SBI) yibhange lomphakathi elihamba phambili ezweni

I-State Bank of India

Yibhange lomphakathi elikhulu eNdiya elinama-80% wamadiphozithi futhi elinenombolo enkulu yamahhovisi namagatsha ezweni lonke.

Amabhange kazwelonke

La mabhange athengwa umbuso waseNdiya osukwini lwawo ukuwahlenga ekuqothulweni. Zizungeze izinhlangano ezingama-20. Iningi lokwenziwa kobuzwe kwenzeka ngo-1969. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, amabhange aqala ukusebenza njengezikhungo zezezimali zomphakathi, ezibophezelekile ukunikela ngengxenye yezinsizakusebenza zawo emikhakheni leyo intuthuko kaHulumeni ekubheka njengeseqhulwini.

Amabhange ezifunda ezindaweni zasemakhaya

La mabhange adalwa nguHulumeni ngonyaka we-1975 ngenhloso yokwenza lula ukutholakala kwezikweletu kubalimi abancane. Njengamanje kunezinhlangano ezingaba ngu-50 zalolu hlobo ezisabalele ezweni lonke.

Amabhange azimele

Njengamanje, izikhungo ezizimele ezingama-20 ezinemali eyinhloko yezwe zisebenza eNdiya. Amabhange azimele aseNdiya abhekelwa yizimiso ezinzima nguhulumeni ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60, okwakhubaza ukukhula kwawo. Kuphela ngemuva kwezinguquko zika-1991 lapho bekwazi ukubuyisa amandla okuncintisana namabhange omphakathi. Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kukhona okulandelayo, okuhlangene neBhange Lombuso laseNdiya (i-SBI) okwakha iqembu lalabo okuthiwa "Amakhulu amane" Amabhange aseNdiya: ICICI Bank, iPunjab National Bank, iBhange laseNdiya y ICanara Bank.

ibhange e-india

Igatsha Le-ICICI Bank

ICICI Bank

El I-ICICI, I-Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation yaseNdiya, yibhange lesibili ngobukhulu eNdiya, elinamagatsha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili asakazeke ezweni lonke. Futhi ingumnikezeli wekhadi lesikweletu elikhulu kunawo wonke eNdiya.

Yasungulwa ngo-1954 futhi isekelwe ku- Bombay. I-ICICI yaba ngelinye lamabhange azimele amakhulu e-India ngemuva kwenqubo yayo yokuhlangana ephumelelayo ne Ibhange laseRajasthan ngonyaka we-2010.

Njengamanje icwiliswe kuphrojekthi yokunwetshwa kwamazwe omhlaba okuvelele. ICICI Bank ikhona emazweni ayi-17 ngaphandle kwaseNdiya: Bangladesh, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, China, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, United States, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, United Kingdom, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa kanye I-Thailand.

IPunjab National Bank (PNB)

Isungulwe ngo-1894, i- IPunjab National Bank (PNB) Kungokwesithathu ngobukhulu eNdiya. Yize iqale umsebenzi wayo edolobheni laseLahore, indlunkulu yayo yamanje itholakala I-New Delhi.

Inezinsizakalo ezingaphansi kwebhange ku- I-United Kingdom, iHong Kong, iDubai neKabul (E-Afghanistan), ngaphezu kwamahhovisi abamele e I-Almaty (Kazakhstan), Dubai, Oslo (Norway), neShanghai (China).

Umholi wenkululeko yamaNdiya, Mahatma Gandhi, uhlala esebenza kuphela naleli bhange ezindabeni zakhe zangasese. Isimo sikazwelonke se-GNP siboniswa futhi nokuthi lingenye yamabhange amadala kakhulu ezweni, adalwe ngezimali zikazwelonke ngokuphelele futhi esasebenza namanje.

I-Canara Bank

Cnara Bank, ibhange eliyinhloko le Bangalore futhi enye yezindala kunazo zonke ezweni, igama lesine eliqedela i-poker yamabhange amakhulu aseNdiya.

Ngaphandle kokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu ezitholakale kulo mkhakha eminyakeni yamuva, iCanara Bank isalokhu ithembekile imigomo ekhuthaze ukusungulwa kwayo. Phakathi kwabo, iveze izinhloso zokuqeda inkolelo-ze nokungazi, ukufaka umkhuba wokonga nokutshala ingxenye yenzuzo yayo kumaphrojekthi wezenhlalo.


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