Izilimi ezibaluleke kakhulu eNdiya

India ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu futhi anabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Inokuningi kokungaphezulu kwe- Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.400 futhi yizwe lesikhombisa ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Isidlakela sangempela. Futhi, abantu abaningi bakhuluma izilimi eziningana, empeleni, siyazibuza ... yini izilimi ezibaluleke kakhulu eNdiya?

Kukhulunywa izilimi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezweni njengoba kunezifunda eziningana, kepha singenza uhlu olufushane futhi sizihlele ohlwini lwezilimi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, singabanciphisa babe ngu-10.

Hindi

Siqala ngakho ulimi oludume kunazo zonke futhi okhuluma kakhulu kunabo bonke ezweni. Kubalwa lokho Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-336 bakhuluma isiHindi. Lokho kumele u-40% wabantu sebephelele kuzwelonke ngakho-ke ngenani elikhulu kangaka lezikhulumi kungenye yezilimi ezimbili ezinesimo "esisemthethweni".

IsiHindi sikhuluma eRajasthan, Uttarakhand, Delhi noma eBihar, ngokwesibonelo. IsiHindi siwulimi umsuka walo osukela olimini olukhulunywa eDelhi nasezindaweni eziseduze ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngaphambi kokumiswa kwayo okuzungeze ulimi lwesigodi saseDelhi kwakukhona okunye okwahlukahluka, kepha kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX kuqhubeke, isiHindi sanamuhla saqala ukuvela futhi sathandwa kakhulu lapho amakholoni aseBrithani esethatha njengesi-lingua franca.

Namuhla yilona limi olusemthethweni ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye nezindawo ezintathu futhi, njengoba sishilo, ingenye yezilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni zikazwelonke (esinye isiNgisi).

Bengali

Kuyinto ulimi lwesibili olukhulunywa kakhulu eNdiya ngemuva kwe-Hindi. Kukholakala ukuthi i-8% yabantu iyakhuluma ngakho-ke ikwenzile Izikhulumi ezingama-83 egxile ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga yezwe.

Lolu limi seluthuthuke ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1300, kepha ifomu lamanje lavela ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Namuhla ulimi olusemthethweni eBangladesh futhi yize kukhulunywa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseNdiya kukhona nezimbalwa emadolobheni aseNdiya njengeDelhi, iMombai noma iVaranasi.

Ochwepheshe bakubheka ulimi lwesibili oluhle kakhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kwesiFulentshi, kanye nosuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lolimi Lomama lususelwa olimini lwesiBengali.

Telugu

Kukhulunywa ulimi lwesiTelugu Abantu abayizigidi ze-82 eNdiya, cishe i-7% yenani labantu. Sikuthola ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni eziseningizimu njengeTelangana, iziQhingi zaseNicobar, iPradesh noma i-Andaman.

Inokukhethekile ukuthi ukuphela kolimi olusempumalanga yomhlaba olunalo wonke amagama agcina ngonkamisa. Kunomphakathi omkhulu kakhulu wezikhulumi zesiTelugu e-United States futhi uyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinhlamvu zamaTelugu zibhekwa njengezinhlamvu zesibili ezihamba phambili ngemuva kweKorea.

Marathi

Amaphesenti afanayo amaNdiya akhuluma lolu lunye ulimi, isiMarathi. Yize eNdiya kukhulunywa ngokuzungezile Abantu abayizigidi ze-72 kunenkolelo yokuthi ukwengeza abangewona amaNdiya kunabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-90 sebebonke.

IsiMarathi siyakhulunywa ezifundeni zaseGoa, Daman, Maharashtra, Dadra, Diu naseNagar Haveli. Iningi lamagama akhe lisuselwa olimini lwesiPheresiya, isi-Urdu nesi-Arabhu. Okugqamayo, kulezi zikhathi zokufakwa nokugxekwa kanye nezinguquko ezilimini eziphilayo, ukuthi iMarathi ine uhlelo lobulili obuthathuyebo, hhayi ezimbili. Kukhona i-neuter engeyona eyabesifazane noma eyabesilisa.

Tamil

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhona AmaNdiya ayizigidi ezingama-61 ukukhuluma isiTamil, yi-6% yabantu besizwe. Kucatshangelwa isiTamil olunye lwezilimi ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, njengoba umsuka wayo ulandelwa emuva ku-500 BC

IsiTamil sikhulunywa ezifundeni zase-Andaman, iziQhingi zaseNicobar, isiTamil Nadi, iKerala, nePuducherry.

Kannada

Kubukeka sengathi lolu limi lukhulunywa Abantu abayizigidi ze-55, ezomelela u-4% wabantu baseNdiya. Kukholakala nokuthi kuwulimi oludala kunazo zonke ezweni, ngisho nangaphambi kwesiTamil nesiSanskrit. Uma kunjalo, kungaba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2500 ubudala ...

IsiKannada sikhulunywa ezifundeni zaseKerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh naseKarnataka. IKannada inongwaqa abangama-34 nonkamisa abayi-13 futhi ukuphela kolimi lwamaNdiya owenzelwe umuntu wesinye isichazamazwi. Umuntu owayephethe kwakunguFerdinand Kittel.

Urdu

Lolu limi luvela empucukweni yaseCentral Indo-Aryan futhi lumele ama-5% wabantu baseNdiya. Okungukuthi, Abantu abayizigidi ze-52 banalo njengolimi. I-Urdu izwakala kulo lonke elaseNdiya kepha ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseBihar, Telangana, Delhi, Ottar Pradesh, Kashmir naseJammu.

Ababhali bePunjabi bangaqonda izikhulumi zesi-Urdu, kepha izikhulumi zesi-Urdu azikwazi, ngoba ifonology ihlukile. Amanye amagama esiNgisi avela ku-Urdu, isibonelo khaki o isiphepho.

Gujarati

Kubhekwa njengolimi lwe-Dravidian futhi lukhulunywa ngabantu abangu-4% baseNdiya: okungukuthi, Abantu abayizigidi ezi-46 Kukholakala ukuthi isukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX lapho iqala ukusetshenziselwa ukuthengiselana ngebhizinisi kuma-akhawunti asebhange noma izincwadi zobungcweti nemibhalo.

Kanjani lokhu? Ingabe lelo Gujarati Ingxube yezilimi ezintathu, isiGujarati uqobo, isi-Urdu nesiSindhi. Kwakukhulunywa kuphi? E-Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu naseGujarat.

Malayalam

Kubukeka sengathi amagama amaningi alolu limi agcina ngo- "am". Kukhulunywa ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-33 futhi lokho kumele u-3% wabantu bezwe. Ungayizwa ezifundeni zaseKerala, eLakshadweep nasePuducherry.

Eqinisweni, eKerala kunezifunda eziyi-14 futhi ngasinye sisebenzisa ulimi oluhlukile lwesiMalayalam ...

Odia

Olunye ulimi olukhulunywa yi-3% yabantu baseNdiya, kepha lokho akukuncane: Abantu abayizigidi ezi-32 Kukhulunywa kakhulu empumalanga yezwe, e Isimo sase-Odisha, phezu kweBay of Bengal.

Wulimi lwesithupha oluqokiwe njenge ulimi lwakudala eNdiya, ngoba inomlando omude futhi ayizange ixutshwe kakhulu nezinye izilimi. Umbhalo omdala kunayo yonke wenzondo usukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX BC.

Iqiniso yilokho iningi lamaNdiya likhuluma izilimi eziningana futhi nesiNgisi, njengoba bebeyikoloni laseBrithani isikhathi eside futhi kuze kube namuhla, isiNgisi kusengulimi olusemthethweni. Eqinisweni, sekuyilimi lebhuloho phakathi kwezakhamizi zaseningizimu nasenyakatho yezwe.