Izakhiwo zasePutukezi: Isitayela seManueline

Isitayela esaziwa njenge I-Manueline kuphelele ePortugal. Kwadlula phakathi kuka-1490 no-1520, futhi kusalokhu kungenye yezindlela zobuciko ezingakhohlakali ukuthi zivele ezweni.

Yigama le- UManuel I, eyabusa kusukela ngo-1495 kuya ku-1521. Ngesikhathi uDon Manuel I evula lesi sitayela, isitayela seManueline sasingesesimanje, okuwukubuka kude nobulukhuni bamamodeli asendulo. Bahlobise ekuqaleni izingosi, kuvulandi nezangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi zeminyaka esikhundleni sokuhlobisa izakhiwo ezintsha. Isitayela sibonakalise ukuguquka kusuka ku-Gothic kuya ku-Renaissance ePortugal.

Omakadebona bathi uManueline, obizwa nangokuthi i-Atlantic Gothic, ususelwa olwandle, yize ezinye izingqapheli zosuku lwanamuhla zibona ukubekezelela okufanekisela isitayela sikaSalvador Dalí. Konke ngobuciko beManueline kungukugujwa kwezinhlobo zasolwandle.

Kulesi sitayela semisebenzi, isithombe sobuKristu sihlanganiswa namagobolondo, izintambo, amagatsha ama-coral, izihlangu ze-heraldic, izimpawu zenkolo, namafomu okucabanga adluliselwa ngamanzi, kanye nezindikimba ze-Arabhu.

Izikhumbuzo eziningi ezweni lonke - ikakhulukazi Isigodlo se-los jeronimos kusuka eBelém, emaphethelweni eLisbon - kunikezwa izibonelo zalesi sitayela. Abanye base-Azores naseMadeira. Kwesinye isikhathi iManueline ihlanganiswa namaphaneli wethayela adumile, njengaseSintra National Palace. Isakhiwo sikaManueline ePortugal kwakuyiSonto likaJesu endaweni yakudala yaseSetúbal, eningizimu yeLisbon. Izinsika ezinkulu ekuphendukeni kwangaphakathi ukusekela uphahla lwentambo evuthayo.

Yize ngokuyinhloko kuyisitayela sokwakha, isitayela seManuelino sithinte eminye imikhakha yezobuciko. Ekuqoshwe, uManueline wayevame ukuhlobisa. Abasebenzi eminyango, amafasitela aphakeme, amabalustrade kanye namavolumu, wanikela ngakho konke kusuka endlebeni yommbila kuya esiqwini senkunzaneni. Umdwebo kaManuelino nawo uyathinteka, imibala ekhanyayo yegem ifaka imisebenzi ethonywe isitayela.

Umdwebi owaziwa kakhulu kaManueline kwakunguGrão Vasco (obizwa nangokuthi uVasco Fernandes). Imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu ifaka phakathi amaphaneli amaningana, manje akhonjiswa emnyuziyamu waseGrão Vasco, ekuqaleni ayenzelwe iViseu Cathedral. Amapaneli adume kakhulu yiCalvary ne-Saint Peter, womabili kusuka ngo-1530.

Omunye umculi ohamba phambili kwakunguJorge Alfonso, umdwebi wasenkantolo kusukela ngo-1508 kuya ku-1540 futhi ongowokuzalwa eBrazil. Wayengumholi walokho okubizwa ngeLisbon School of Painting. Ayikho imisebenzi ekhona engabangelwa kuye, noma kunjalo.