Izincwadi zokwazi umlando wePortugal

AmaPutukezi: Umhlaba nabantu bawo, kaMarion Kaplan (iViking, 2006), ingesinye sezitudiyo ezihamba phambili ezweni. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa umlando wePortugal yonke indlela kusuka kwimvelaphi yezwe lama-Arabhu kuya embusweni wayo wasolwandle kanye nasekhulwini lama-20 elinesiphithiphithi. Ibuye inikeze ngemininingwane yokuhamba futhi ihlaziye ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, izincwadi, ubuciko nokwakha.

Enye incwadi ebabazekayo, Ukuhambela ePortugal: Ukufuna Umlando namasiko esiPutukezi, ngumsebenzi ophoqayo owenziwe yiNobel Prize Winner, uJose Saramago, owahamba ezweni lakhe ukuthola "indlela entsha" yokuzwa umlando wePortugal namasiko. Kusukela kulolo cwaningo lomuntu siqu, wenza lo msebenzi omkhulu.

Ngokuqondene nezincwadi zomlando, uDavid Birmingham ugqamile, ethatha umlando wePortugal. Enye inguqulo yetimu efanayo ithi IPortugal: Umlando wenkampani, nguJosé H. Saraiva.

Omunye wababhali abathandwa kakhulu ePortugal, u-Eca de Queirós, wabhala ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Izindaba zakhe eziningi ezaziwa kakhulu sezihunyushelwe esiNgisini, ikakhulukazi  I-Maias, indlu enhle yamaRamires (Izinkomba ezintsha, 1994). UQueirós (1845-1900) wayengumbhali wamanoveli wasePutukezi ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi imisebenzi yakhe yathandwa ngu-Emile Zola waseFrance. I-Maias yaziwa kakhulu futhi yiyona engcono kakhulu yemisebenzi yakhe.

Omunye umsebenzi onconyiwe uwukuthi Ukubuya kwamaCaravels, ngu-António Lobo Antunes, inoveli engajwayelekile eyabekwa ngo-1974. Isilethela umlando wePortugal njengombuso wamakhosi ngo "memory collective", njengoba uVasco da Gama, uCabral, nabanye abahloli babuyela eLisbon, bamisa imikhumbi yabo emincane kodwa ebalulekile eceleni kwezikhulu zikawoyela zanamuhla.

UJosé Saramago, owine iNobel Prize for Literature, ungomunye wababhali bezincwadi zamanoveli abahamba phambili ePortugal yanamuhla. Kwakhe UBaltasar noBlimunda Kuyindaba yomlingo yomshini endizayo nokwakhiwa kweMafra Palace - kufundwa okumnandi.

Futhi uma kukhulunywa ngamawayini, incwadi enhle kakhulu nguRichard Mayson nge Itheku neDouro. Lona ngumsebenzi ophelele, ocacile, futhi othakazelisayo. Ufunda umlando wechweba kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngokusebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zewayini le-bottling namuhla.