Imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan

Imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan yayiyinsika eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa kwe- elinye lamabutho ayesatshwa kakhulu endulo. Lowo ongene emlandweni ngokuzibandakanya kwakhe ngobuqhawe ezimpini ezifana ne- I-Thermopylae ngaphansi kokulawulwa yinkosi yabo, ULeonidas I.

Onke amaSpartan abhekene nalokhu imfundo yempi. Umphakathi wabo wawuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine zenhlalo: the homoyi noma belingana, ababeyizakhamizi ezinamalungelo aphelele; i ama-motace noma abokufika; i i-pericos noma abakhululekile kanye helots noma izinceku. Kepha bonke bangaphumelela emphakathini ngokudlula kulezo zimfundiso. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngemfundo yezingane zaseSpartan, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunde.

Agogé, imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan

Ngenkathi ukukhuliswa kwabaseSpartan bekuhlala kunzima, singabeka isikhathi lapho kwaba yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Kwakukhona ngonyaka 669 BC ngemuva kokwehlulwa yibutho lakhe ku UHísias phambi kwamabutho e I-Argos. Lokhu kwaba ukungqongqoza konembeza baseSpartan, kwaze kwaba yilapho behlela ukwakheka okusha kwezingane zabo: lokho okubizwa Agoge, okushiwo yi I-Lycurgus futhi kwakunzima kunazo zonke Ugoqo wasendulo.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-Agogé

Kusukela ngalolo suku, ukufundiswa kwezingane zaseSpartan kwakusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu. Owokuqala wabo kwakungu baqinise imfundo yabo yokuziphatha futhi bakhuthaze isiyalo sabo. Owesibili, lokho funda izindlela ezintsha zempi.

Futhi ekugcineni, owesithathu ube nokwandisa inani lamaSpartan aqeqeshelwe ukusebenza ebusosheni, okungukuthi, ku ukuvula iqhawe lifundisa amaSpartan amaningi kungakhathalekile ukuthi babeyizakhamizi noma cha. Ngale ndlela, ibutho lalizokondliwa yibo bonke abantu beminyaka yokulwa.

Yayinjani imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan?

Njengoba uzoqonda, ukwakha ibutho labo elinamandla, abaseSpartan bekufanele baqale ngokuqeqesha izakhamizi zabo besebancane. Ngakho-ke, izingane ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa nemindeni yazo. Kepha umthetho wawuzivimbela zonke lezi zinhlobo zokuhlonipha nabancane. Kwakudingeka bajwayele ubumnyama, bashise futhi babande, futhi bagezwe ngisho newayini. Lesi sakamuva sasingenxa yenkolelo yokuthi siveza ukudlikizela nokuthi lokhu, kwababuthakathaka kakhulu, kwakusho ukufa.

Isigaba sokuqala se-Agogé

Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, njengoba uzobona, imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan yayinjalo unonya olukhulu. Kodwa-ke, okubi kakhulu kwafika kamuva. Kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa banikelwa ku amaphoyisa, ezibadlulisele ku amakamu lapho babehlala khona nabanye abafana abangontanga yabo. Kulezi zazingavunyelwe ukugeza, zazingaba nengubo kuphela noma umuthi futhi zazilala embhedeni womhlanga. Cishe abakutholanga ukudla futhi abaphathi babo babaphoqa ukuba bakintshontshe. Uma babanjwa beba, babejeziswa. Kepha (futhi lokhu kuzodonsela ukunaka kwakho) hhayi ngokweba, kepha ngenxa yokuthi ube budedengu ngokwenza njalo.

Kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nambili bafunde ukwenza funda ubhalekepha ngaphezu kwakho konke izindlela zokulwa nokuphathwa kwezikhali. Kakade kule nkathi yakhe peedonomers noma uthisha wababeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuswela. Noma kunjalo abanonya babeyibo imicikilisho yokhokho lapho baqala khona. Enye yazo izokwenza izinwele zakho zime ekugcineni.

Kwakuhlanganisa ukulwa ngezandla phakathi kwengane eyodwa nabangane abaningana abalinganayo. Kwenzeka ngaphambi kwe-altare likankulunkulukazi UArtemis Orthia futhi omncane owalwa yedwa kwakudingeka anqobe abanye futhi athathe ezinye ushizi obekwe e-altare esesishilo.

Uma kubonakala sengathi kuyisiko elinokhahlo, esizokutshela khona manje kubi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi se- Pax Romana, lapho iSparta isiphelelwe amandla, ukuzama ukwenza amaqhawe anonya ngisho nangokwengeziwe, i ukulele ukufaka esikhundleni sangaphambilini. Kuleyo ndawo, izingane zazibekwa elangeni futhi zashaywa ngokungenasihawu ngaphambi kokubuka kwababukele abavela kulo lonke elaseSparta. Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando esingumGreki Plutarch, abaningi balabo bafana abangajabule bafa kulo mkhosi.

Akukho okunye okuhle okwakulindelwe labo abasinda. Lapho befika ebusheni, benziwa izivivinyo ze- ukuzivocavoca. Le kwakuyimikhosi lapho kwakudingeka banqobe izivivinyo ezinzima kakhulu futhi bahlale amahora ezinyaweni naselangeni.

Lesi sigaba sonke, njengoba kungenzeka ubucabanga, besiphelezelwa ngu izijeziso ezingenabuntu kanye nesiyalo lapho lowo ofanelekela ukuthola insimbi ehluleka khona. Babephethwe yi martongorofoi, obebhekele nezijeziso.

Ngenkathi bethola lolu qeqesho, nabo bafakwa ukulalela nobungane. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, i ukulethwa emphakathininoma ngabe kubalahlekele impilo yabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa amaqembu okulandelana lapho abafana babehlanganiswa njengophayinaphu njalo ukuze kuzuze umphakathi.

Isigaba sesibili se-Agogé: i-eireinado

Kufanele wazi ukuthi, ngakho konke okungenhla, imfundo yezingane ezithile zaseSpartan ayizange iphele. Iningi labo, eselivele lilungiselele impi, labuyela emphakathini likhetha iqembu elalikulo.

Kepha labo ababephume phambili ekuqeqeshweni kwabo, bangena ku- eirinated, okwakususelwa ekuvuseleleni umuzwa wabo wokuphila futhi okwakuhloswe ukuba wakheke amaqembu amaqhawe elite.

Ngenxa yalokhu bafakiwe ku I-Cryptia, isikhungo semfihlo. Ngakho-ke ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kwakuhilela ukubashiya bodwa ezintabeni, benqunu futhi bengenakho ukudla. Kwakumele baphile kuleso simo unyaka wonke bengabanjwa noma babonwe. Labo abasinda kule ngxenye yokugcina yokuqeqeshwa kwabo baba imvubu noma amasosha aphakeme akwazi ngisho nokunakekela ukuphepha kwenkosi.

Imfundo yamantombazane aseSpartan

Ngokungafani neminye imizi yamaGrikhi lapho lona wesifazane wayemiselwe ukuba ngumama wekhaya, eSparta amantombazane nawo athola imfundo ebalulekile. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi wayehlose ukukhulelwa amaqhawe amasha. Kepha ukwenza lokhu, bekufanele balingane futhi babe namandla ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho, wathola ukuqeqeshwa kwezokusubatha, ezokulwa nezokuzivocavoca. Kwakukhona ngisho imincintiswano phakathi kwabo. Bafundiswa nokuba ngongqimphothwe ekugqokeni nasekubukekeni okujwayelekile. KumaSpartan kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nabesifazane abanamandla futhi abanamandla kunokuheha.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, sizokutshela ukuthi abesifazane baseSparta bakujabulele isimo esivulekile kakhulu kunama-polis akubo esiGreki. Babengahlala ndawonye ngaphansi ukulingana nabangane bakhe besilisa. Kukholakala nokuthi bazilolonga ndawonye.

Lapho eqeda ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe, owesifazane waseSpartan ngashada. Kepha njengoba umyeni wakhe wayechitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi enamaqabane akhe ezingalweni, wayengenayo impilo yomndeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yaleso sizathu, bekuyiyo lowo ophethe ukugcina umnotho wendlu.

Sengiphetha, imfundo yezingane zaseSpartan yayikhona ngokhahlo ngokweqile futhi kwesinye isikhathi unya, njengoba ubona. Ngokuphambene, ibutho laseSparta lalisatshwa kulo lonke elaseGrisi futhi liye langena emlandweni njenge isibonelo sesiyalo nesibindi. Kodwa kwaba yini izindleko?