El Kogin Magdalena Yana da mahimmancin jijiyoyin kogi a ciki Colombia duka don tsawon sa da girman sa da kuma nauyin sa na tarihi. An haife shi a mita 3.685 na tsawo a cikin Labarin Papas, kudu da Puracé Natural Park a kan iyaka tsakanin sassan Huila da Cauca. Tana faduwa cikin ruwan Tekun Caribbean bayan doguwar tafiya mai nisan kilomita 1.548 da ke kwarara daga kudu zuwa arewa tare da kwarin tsakanin Andean.
A duk tsawon tafarkinsa Magdalena River ya ratsa zuwa sassa goma sha na Colombia: Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Antioquia, Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Caldas, Tolima, da Huila. Wadannan su ma sun fi kowa zama a kasar. Kuma mafi mahimmanci daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki.
Duk da cewa ba shine mafi tsayi kogi a cikin Kolombiya ba ko kuma mafi iko (Putumayo ya fi shi a duka bangarorin biyu), a maimakon haka babban magudanar kogin kasar. Waɗannan su ne yawanci saboda gaskiyar cewa ana iya kewayawa daga garin Honda zuwa bakinta da kuma yayin yawancin hanyar babbar harajin ta, Kogin Cauca. A cikin duka, kusan kilomita 990.
Daidai a Honda shine Gidan Tarihi na Magdalena, wuri ne mai kyau don sanin duk sirrin wannan kogin gami da mahimmancinsa na tarihi.
Pre-Columbian times: tsarkakken kogi
Yankuna daban-daban na asali waɗanda suka mamaye yankin na Kolombiya na yanzu kafin zuwan Turawa sun ɗauki Magdalena a tsarkakken kogi.
An bautar da ruwanta a matsayin tushen rai. Mutanen da suke zaune kusa da haihuwarsa sun kira shi Yuma, ajalin da za'a iya fassara shi azaman "kogin ƙasar sada zumunci da tsaunuka" da kuma Caripuna ko "babban kogi."
A tsawon karatun ta ya sami wasu sunaye kamar su arli ("Kogin Kifi"), dangane da yalwar kamun kifi wanda ruwanta ya bayar. Hakanan wasu mutane sun san shi kamar Guacayo ("Kogin kaburbura"), tunda akwai al'adar jefa mamacin cikin ruwanta don inganta hanyar zuwa sauran duniyar.
Kogin Magdalena a lokacin mulkin mallaka
Hanyoyin sama na tafkin kogin Magdalena
A farkon karni na XNUMX, masu nasara na kasar Sifen suka sami Kogin Magdalena hanya mafi kyau ta shiga cikin kasar mara dadin ji. Colombia tana da karko da wahalar yanayin kasa.
Gano da masu mulkin mallaka ya danganta shi ne Rodrigo de Bastidas a cikin shekara ta 1501. Shi ne wanda ya yi wa baftisma kogin da sunan Rio Grande de la Magdalena, don girmama Santa María Magdalena. Shi ne kuma ya sanya wa bakin suna kamar yadda Bakunan Ash, ta bakin ashen ruwan kogin da aka ɗora da ruwa a lokacin shiga cikin teku.
Balaguron farko don hawan kogin bai faru ba har sai 1519, tare da Tsarin Melo a cikin umarnin da shi.
A duk tsawon lokacin mulkin Sifen, Kogin Magdalena shine kawai hanyar da babban birnin mulkin mallaka, Santa Fe de Bogota, an yi magana da gabar tekun Atlantika. Akwai tashar jirgin ruwa ta farko ta nahiyar Amurka, Cartagena de Indiya, shekaru da yawa babban haɗin tsakanin Turai da Amurka.
Zamanin Republican da yanzu
La zamanin zinariya na kogin kewayawa a cikin Kogin Magdalena ya yi daidai da shekarun farko na kasancewar Jamhuriyar Colombia. Daga baya, tare da haɓakar hanyar sadarwa, haɓaka hanyar jirgin ƙasa da buɗewar Kanal Canal a shekara ta 1914 (wanda gasa ce da ba za a iya shawo kanta ba ta sadarwa tsakanin tekunan biyu) mahimmancinta ya ragu.
Tun daga nan har zuwa yau, da yawa madatsun ruwa, madatsun ruwa da tsire-tsire masu samar da ruwa. Kogin Magdalena yana da matsakaiciyar kwarara na mita dubu 7.200 a sakan daya.
Kogin Magdalena daga mahaɗan Betania Dam
Mafi girman wadannan tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi shine na Gujajaro, tsakanin garuruwan Barranquilla da Cartagena, wanda ke da fadin hekta 16.000, kodayake mafi mahimmanci dangane da samar da makamashi shine na barci, wanda yake a cikin sashen Santander. Duk waɗannan ayyukan, sama da ashirin tare da hanyar kogin, sun canza yanayin magudanan ruwa.
Babban barazanar da ke fuskantar kogin shi ne yaduwar matsugunan birane da kuma rashin amfani da albarkatun kasa. Wannan yana haifar da gurɓatar ƙasa, iska da ruwa. A 1991 da Kamfanin Rio Grande de la Magdalena (Cormagdalena) don jagorantar da daidaita manufofin ci gaba da kariya na kwamin.
A taƙaice, ana iya tabbatar da cewa siffofin Kogin Magdalena, tare da Cauca, babban ginshiƙin ci gaban tattalin arzikin Colombia. Ta wani bangaren kuma, yanayin yanayin kasa, muhalli, al'adu, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, yawan jama'a, birane da mahimmancin tarihi shima abin lura ne.
menene abin banza basu ambata 18 dpts wanda hakan ya faru ba
yana iya zama cewa idan hakan ta faru
haka bakano
Irin wannan kasmi zai zama abin birge shi. Ta yaya zaku jawo hankalin koginku ta wannan hanyar? Don kulawa da shi, wasu mutane marasa laifi zasu zo don kula da ƙasarku Colombia.