Kamar arewacin iyakar tsakanin Masar da Sudan shine Aswan Dam. Babbar madatsar ruwa ce wacce ta kama mafi kogi a duniya, wato Kogin Nilu.Wannan madatsar ruwa da ake kira Saad el Aali da larabci, an kammala ta ne a shekarar 1970 bayan kwashe shekaru goma tana aiki.
Misra tana dogaro ne da ruwan Kogin Nilu Babban rafin biyu na Kogin Nilu sune White Nile da Blue Nile.
Tushen Farin Kogin Nabarsa shine Bahr al-Jabal ("Dutsen Nilu") kuma Blue Nile yana farawa daga tsaunukan Habasha. Kogin Nilu yana da jimillar mil 4.160 (6695 kilomita) daga tushe zuwa teku.
Kogin Nilu
Kafin gina madatsar ruwa a Aswan, Misira tana fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa a kowace shekara daga Kogin Nilu wanda ya tara tan miliyan huɗu na wadataccen laka wanda ya ba da damar samar da noma.
Wannan aikin ya fara miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kafin wayewar Masar ta fara a cikin Kogin Nilu, kuma ya kasance har sai da aka gina madatsar ruwa ta farko ta Aswan a cikin 1889. Wannan dam din bai isa ya rike ruwan Nilu ba kuma daga baya aka gina shi a shekarar 1912 da 1933. A 1946 , haƙiƙanin haɗari ya bayyana lokacin da ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya ɗora a saman dam ɗin.
A cikin 1952, gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Majalisar juyin juya halin Masar ta yanke shawarar gina Dam din Aswan, wanda ke da nisan kilomita shida daga tsohuwar madatsar ruwan. A cikin 1954, Misira ta nemi lamuni daga Bankin Duniya don taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin dam ɗin (wanda a ƙarshe ya kai dala biliyan).
Da farko dai, Amurka ta amince ta bai wa Masar rancen kudi, amma sai ta janye tayin nata ba tare da wasu dalilan da ba a sani ba wadanda wasu hasashe ke iya kasancewa saboda rikici ne tsakanin Isra’ila da Masar. Kingdomasar Ingila, Faransa, da Isra’ila sun mamaye Misira a 1956, jim kaɗan bayan da Masar ta mayar da mashigar ruwa ta Suez don taimakawa biyan kuɗin madatsar.