Monika Zgustová ta shiga kyautar Ángel Crespo ba tare da tunanin cewa za ta iya cin nasara ba, amma me ya ba ta mamaki lokacin da aka sanar da ita cewa ita ce ta lashe gasar don fassara daga Czech zuwa Spanish daga 'The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk'. Ita kanta ta yi mamakin sanin cewa ita ce ta ci nasara, tunda a cewar marubuciya da kuma mai fassarar kanta "akwai littattafai da yawa da ke da fassarori masu kyau ƙwarai, masu inganci sosai, dogaye, littattafai masu wahala, na harsunan gargajiya da waƙoƙi."
Amma masu yanke hukunci sun yanke shawarar cewa Monika ce za ta lashe kyautar Fassarar XIII Ángel Crespo don fassarar ɗayan shahararrun littattafan Czech. 'The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk' aiki ne wanda ba a kammala shi ba, wanda marigayi Jaroslav Hašek ya rubuta kuma Monika ta bayyana a wata hira da Radio Prague dalilin da ya sa ta zaɓi gabatar da wannan aikin.
“Saboda fassara ce da nayi yanzun nan, ina ganin tayi kyau. Mutane suna da sha'awa ƙwarai, an sayar da kwafi da yawa kuma yana da tarihin Czech, ɗayan adabin adabin duniya. Kuma na yi tunani zai iya yin takara da sauran littattafan da aka gabatar a wurin. "
Ya yi takara kuma ya ci nasara, amma ba a ci gaba da yin babban ƙoƙari tsawon shekaru ba. Duk da kasancewarta Czech da kuma iya magana sosai a cikin Sifaniyanci kusan, Monika ta yi aiki tuƙuru kan wannan aikin don samun sakamako mai gamsarwa, kamar yadda ta bayyana kanta.
“Littafin ya fito shekara daya da ta gabata kuma na gama fassarar kimanin shekara daya da rabi da suka gabata. Amma na dade ina aiki a kai, saboda fassara ce da ba za a iya yin ta cikin kankanin lokaci ba. Gaskiya ya kamata ku kasance masu aiki da neman tunani game da ita da komawa bakin aiki. Sau da yawa nakan yi amfani da abokaina a matsayin masu sauraro kuma nakan karanta musu wani yanki na labari kuma idan sun yi dariya alama ce mai kyau, idan ba su yi dariya ba zan kara aiki da shi ”.
Wannan ita ce fassara ta farko kai tsaye daga Czech zuwa Mutanen Espanya na wannan littafin kuma marubuciya ta ji a jikin nata duk matsalolin da aiki irin nata ke haifarwa. Musamman, a cikin wannan aikin ya ci karo da rashi da yawa, kasancewa ɗan labari tare da rajista na asali na cibiyoyi a zamanin Masarautar Austro-Hungary. Bugu da kari, wani matsalar da ya fuskanta ita ce cakuda harsuna, tun da masu rubutun suna magana da Czech da Jamusanci, Zgustová ya ci gaba.
“Fassarar wannan aikin yana da matukar wahala, musamman saboda yanayin tarihin da ba a yau. Hašek ya nuna Daular Austro-Hungary daga farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Farko. Yanayi na harsuna da yawa, Prague inda ake magana da Czech da Jamusanci, inda al'adu da yawa suka kasance tare. Har ila yau, gaskiyar da ba ta wanzu a yau ta Daular Austro-Hungary: tsabar kuɗi, matsayin soja ... gaskiyar da ta ba ni yaƙi mai yawa ”.
Wannan ba shine aikinta na farko a matsayin mai fassara ba, hasali ma, tana da dogon tarihi a fagen rubutu da fassara. Tafiyar da ya samu albarkacin yawo da yayi cikin shekaru kuma ta inda yake ɗaukar kowane irin ilimi.
An haifi Monika Zgustová a Prague amma ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tare da iyayenta inda ta sami digirin digirgir a cikin Comparative Literature daga Jami'ar Illinois. Bayan tafiya daga wani wuri zuwa wani, a cikin 80s ya ƙare da kafa kansa a Barcelona, musamman a Sitges, wani ƙaramin birni da yake so tun farko da kuma inda ya yi gidansa. Baya ga Sifaniyanci, Zgustová ya kuma koyi sauran harshen hukuma na Catalonia, Catalan, don haka ya zama ɗayan manyan mutane a gabatarwar adabin Czech a Spain.
Fiye da ayyuka 50 ne marubuta kamar Bohumil Hrabal, Jaroslav Hašek, Karel Čapek ko Václav Havel, da sauransu suka fassara zuwa Mutanen Espanya da Catalan. Kuma a yau, Monika tana alfahari da matsayin adabin Czech a duk duniya, yayin da take tabbatar da cewa ana yin muhimmin aiki don sanar da ita.
“Ni kaina na yi fassara da yawa daga Czech zuwa Spanish da Catalan. Na fassara littattafai kusan 50. Bayan ni, akwai sauran masu fassara kamar Fernando Valenzuela kuma yanzu matasa sun fito. Ina tsammanin yanayin yana da kyau sosai, an san adabin Czech, mutane suna bin sa. Mutane sun san shi, aƙalla a nan Barcelona zan iya cewa mutane sun san adabin Czech kusan kamar Italiyanci ”.
Amma Zgustová ba fassarar kawai ya yi ba, har ma ya ƙirƙiri nasa ayyukan. Hanyar ta na aiki ta ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce a cikin Czech sannan kuma ta fassara su da kanta. Wannan shine yadda ya riga ya buga ayyuka shida waɗanda suka yi nasara sosai. Aikinsa na baya-bayan nan, 'Tatsuniyoyin watan da ba ya nan' (2010), wanda aka kafa a Prague, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Mercè Rodoreda don gajerun labarai da labarai cikin yaren Catalan. Wani daga cikin fitattun ayyukan sa shine 'The Silent Woman' (2005), wani labari ne wanda rayuwar kakarsa tayi a lokacin Nazism da kuma mulkin kwaminisanci. Ita ce kuma marubucin litattafan 'Lambun Sanyi' (2009), 'Fresh Mint with Lemon' (2002) da kuma 'The Woman of Daruruwan Murmushi' (2001). Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa marubuciyar ta sami lambobin yabo na ƙasa da na ƙasashe da yawa saboda aikinta.
Amma duk abin da yake kyalkyali ba zinare bane, tunda fassarar aikin mutum zuwa wani yare wanda shima ya kware ba abu bane mai sauki, koda kuwa da alama da farko. Monika ta tattauna fa'idodi da fa'idar wannan aikin.
“Fassarar kai da wuya saboda lokacin da kuka yi fassarar kun fara daga tushe, kawai kuna yin fassarar wannan aikin, amma ba ku rubuta shi ba, wani ne ya rubuta shi. A gefe guda kuma, lokacin da kake fassara kan ka, ka riga ka yi aiki mai yawa a kan labarin kuma dole ne ka koma ga fassarar shi. Wannan shi ne mummunan bangare. Kyakkyawan sashi shine cewa zaka iya sarrafa juyawa, ƙamus, rajista, yanayin walwala da kanka. Kuma kuma, cewa littattafan suna fitowa cikin harsuna uku a lokaci guda ”.
Czech, Spanish da Catalan, haɗakar harsunan da ke kawo babbar nasara ga rayuwar Monika Zgustová ta ƙwarewar sana'a. Dole ne mu jira aikinsa na gaba don sanin abin da zai sake mamaki.