Dicen que a Japan mafi yawan al'adun zamani da na zamani suna da daidaito, Kuma ina tsammanin hakan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar ita ce ƙasa ce mai ba da izini ga kowane ɗan Yammacin Turai, tare da wasu maganganu na nutsuwa, da kayan marmarin da aka ba mu ta hanyar gwaninta wanda aka bayyana a cikin raunin kayan ɗakinta, da gidajen ibada, da rubutun kira da zane-zanenta, da kyawun kayanta, da taushi na nau'ikan kayan fasaha da yawa na asali.
A cikin wannan labarin zan gaya muku game da wasu maganganu na fasaha waɗanda a cikin tarihi suka faru a Japan, inda duk wani abin kirkirar fasaha yana da zurfin ilimin falsafa na gaskiya. Yawancin waɗannan sana'o'in gargajiya sun ɓace, wasu kuma an bunƙasa su, kuma ana siyar da gutsuttsu a ko'ina.
Bizen yumbu
Ofayan ɗayan mahimman mahimmanci, ganowa da tsoffin kayayyakin Japan shine Ceramics Bizin, cewa nan da nan zaka rarrabe ta taurin-kamar taurin, launin ruwan kasa mai ja, ba tare da enamel ba, kodayake idan akwai alamun tokin zina yana iya zama kamar dusar ƙanƙara da alamun da ke zuwa daga wutar murhun katako.
Bizen kere-kere, waɗanda ke ɗaukar nau'ikan da yawa, ana yin su ne a hankali, cikin dogon lokaci. Dole ne a kiyaye wutar katako a yanayin zafi mai yawa na kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 wanda ya ƙunshi awanni da yawa da tan na katako, saboda haka ana yin harbin sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara.
Itacen japan na Japan
- Wannan abincin da kyau na Itacen japan na Japan asalinsa ne daga karni na XNUMXA da, babu irin wannan, kuma ya fito ne daga hannun wasu masanan Koriya wadanda suka isa tsohuwar yankin Hizen a tsibirin Kyūshū, suka hau zuwa Turai a tashar Imari, shi ya sa ake kiranta da ain imari. Har zuwa ƙarshen wannan karnin, a cikin Japan an yi amfani da ainar ne kawai a wannan yankin, amma a ƙarshen karni na goma sha bakwai ne aka fara samar da shi a Kyoto da sauran garuruwa.
- Wani irin ain shine kakiemon, tare da ado na polychrome, wanda Sakaida Kakiemon (1595-1666) ya tsara. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan guntun bangarorin sune siraran ganuwansu, asalinsu fari farare da kuma kyawon abin mamakin launuka masu launi.
- Halin halayyar shine ain kutani, tare da asalin zinare da launuka biyar: rawaya, kore, ja, shuɗi da shunayya, da baƙi, kuma suna bayyana kyawawan ɗabi'a, galibi ta fure da tsuntsaye.
- Yumbu ko ain nabeshima yana da ma'ana tare da kammala saboda ingancin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani dasu da fasaharsa ta kwarai.
- Aran Satsuma yana da yanayin haske, tare da launuka polychrome kuma an yiwa ado da zinare. An rarraba shi zuwa manyan fannoni biyu, salon cikin shuɗi da fari, tare da ado ƙarƙashin gilashi; da salon polychrome, tare da ƙarin wuta don gyara wasu launuka, akan kyallen gilashi.
Hakata tsana
Lsan tsana suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar Jafananci, a zahiri, ana yin bikin Hinamatsuri, wani biki ne na tsana, wanda aka yi shi tun zamanin da. Wannan wani biki ne na gargajiya wanda ya kunshi sanya kwalliyar a cikin kayan Heian Era, kafin a jefa su cikin kogi don kawar da 'yan matan daga mugayen ruhohi, amma yanzu an bar' yan tsana a kan bagade.
Akwai adadi iri da yawa amma watakila ga Turawan yamma waɗanda aka fi sani da su sune Hakata ningyo, dolan tsana na yumɓu na Japan daga yankin garin Fukuoka. Akwai su da yawa iri-iri bisa ga taken su: gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Japan, kyawun mata, samurai, da sauransu ... Wadannan 'yan tsana sune abubuwan tunawa da sojojin Amurkan suka fi amfani da su bayan mamayar Japan, don haka suka zama sanannun mutane, duk da cewa asalin su ya samo asali ne tun daga karni na XNUMX.
Looms
yonaguni-orimono shine sunan gama gari don yadudduka da aka samar a tsibirin Yonaguni-jima, kudu maso yamma na tsibirin Jafanawa. Kuma tun daga 1987 ana ɗaukarta kasuwancin gargajiya wanda gwamnati ta yarda dashi.
Kodayake gaskiya ne cewa a duk tsawon shekaru alamu da launuka na irin wannan masana'anta sun canza, ƙananan furanni masu launin ja da rawaya da yadudduka yadudduka sun kasance.
Akwai dabara shibori, wanda shine sunan da aka bayar a Japan ga ƙirar dyeing knot.
Kimonos
Kimono shine tufafin gargajiyar Japan na maza da mata, wanda ya kasance sutura a cikin amfani har zuwa farkon shekaru bayan yakin duniya na II. Kimonos waɗanda aka yi su da fasahohin gargajiya da kyawawan abubuwa ana ɗaukar su ingantattun ayyukan fasaha.
Kimono yin kirkira har zuwa karni na XNUMX, lokacin da dandano na siliki ya fara zama mai kyau tsakanin samurai da yan kasuwa. Kyakkyawan kwalliyar kwalliyar da masu sana'a suka kirkira ana amfani da ita ta wadatar zinare da azurfa don furanni da tsuntsaye, kuma ta hanyar tsarin geometric na gargajiya.