Krakow

Tare da sama da shekaru dubu na tarihi da fiye da almara ɗaya, Krakow birni ne mai ban mamaki. A karni na XNUMX an sanya shi babban birnin Poland ta Casimir I Mai Ganowa kuma hakan ya kasance a cikin farkon kiristancin ƙasar. Tun farkon karni na 1364 ya zama cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu har ma da cibiyar kimiyya, tare da kafuwar jami'ar ta a XNUMX.

Koyaya, daga baya kuma tsawon ƙarni da yawa, garin ya sha wahala daga rikice-rikice tsakanin Russia, Prussia, Sweden da Austrian, suna wucewa sau da yawa daga hannun ɗayan zuwa wancan. Tuni a cikin karnin da ya gabata, Poland ta sake dawo da ikonta kuma Krakow ta zama birni na biyu na ƙasar bayan babban birninta. Warsaw.

'Ya'yan wannan dogon tarihin kuma wani lokacin mai ban mamaki shine hadadden tarihin da yake baku. Babban rukuni ne na gine-ginen da ke tattare musamman a cikin cibiyar tarihi, an ayyana Kayan Duniya ta UNESCO a cikin 1978, inda zaku iya gani, sau da yawa gauraye, samfuran ban mamaki na Gothic, Renaissance da Baroque art. Idan kana son sanin Krakow, muna gayyatarku ka kasance tare da mu.

Abin da za a gani a cikin Krakow

Gicciye da Kogin Vistula, Krakow na karɓar baƙi fiye da miliyan takwas a shekara. Ba a banza ba, masana suna ɗauka ɗayan kyawawan biranen birni, ba kawai a Turai ba, har ma a duk duniya. Za mu san kyawawan abubuwan tarihi.

Cibiyar Tarihi ta Krakow ko Stare Miasto

Za mu iya gaya muku hakan turu Miasto, kamar yadda aka san cibiyar tarihi ta Krakow, ta kasu kashi uku, kowanne ya fi ban sha'awa da ba za ku iya rasa shi ba.

Zamani na da

Na farko kuma mafi tsakiyar shine Birni na da, wanda asalin sa shine filin rynek, wanda aka gina a karni na XNUMX kuma wanda, tare da kusan mita ɗari biyu a gefe, shine mafi girma a Turai. Hakanan, a tsakiyarsa zaka iya ganin abin da ake kira Kasuwar Drapery, Kyakkyawan ginin Renaissance. Kuma, a yankin gabas, zaku sami basilica na Santa Maria, wani coci mai ban sha'awa na karni na XNUMX wanda ya yi fice saboda salon Gothic da façade mai launin ja.

Sauran abubuwan tarihin da zakuyi sha'awar gani a dandalin Rynek sune mutum-mutumin na Adamu Mickiewicz, babban mawakin soyayya dan kasar Poland; da Hasumiyar Garin, wanda kamanninta ya zama tagwaye ne na basilica da aka ambata; da Cocin zato na Uwargidanmu, kuma Gothic, da kuma ginin Jami'ar Jagiellonian, kuma daga karni na sha huɗu.

Tudun Wawel

Matsayi na biyu na sha'awa a cikin cibiyar tarihi ta Krakow shine Wawel Hill, wanda ƙarni ƙarnika ke tsakiyar cibiyar ƙarfi a Poland. A ciki, galibi zaku sami abubuwan tarihi guda uku. Da Cathedral na Saint Wenceslas da Saint Stanislaus Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin babban wuri mai tsarki a duk ƙasar. An gina shi a cikin karni na 18 a ƙarƙashin ginin Gothic, an ƙara ɗakunan bautar XNUMX Renaissance ƙarni biyu bayan haka. Daga cikin waɗannan, yana da mahimmanci na musamman na Sigismund I, wanda shine mafi girman lokacin Renaissance a Poland.

Don sashi, da Wawel Royal Castle, kuma daga karni na XNUMX, ginin Romanesque da Gothic ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya tashi kusa da tsakiyar kayan kwalliya. Ya kasance gidan sarakunan Poland na dogon lokaci kuma kuna iya ziyarta. A zahiri, yana da kyawawan abubuwa gidan kayan gargajiya tare da fitattun tarin zane-zanen Renaissance da ayyuka masu daraja na maƙerin zinariya, tukwane har ma da fasahar gabas.

Abin tunawa na uku shine cocin San Andrés wanda, aka gina shi a cikin karni na XNUMX bisa ga tsarin Romanesque, ɗayan tsofaffin gine-gine ne a cikin Krakow. Baya ga coci, kagara ce, kamar yadda aka nuna ta buɗewar kariya.

kazimierz

Wannan tsohuwar duniyar ta kasance Yahudawa kwata daga tsakiyar zamanai har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Daga wannan lokacin sun kasance majami'u kamar Remuh ko Kupah. Koyaya, akwai sauran abubuwan tarihi. Daga cikin su akwai katanga daga karni na sha huɗu; da majami'u na Santa Caterina y na San Estanislao, Gothic na farko da baroque na biyu, ko Corpus Christie basilica.

Game da ƙarshen akwai labari mai ban sha'awa. Da alama wani ya saci kulawar Cocin na Holy Innocents yana tunanin zinariya ce. Fahimtar cewa tagulla ce, sai ya watsar da ita a cikin dausukan Kazimierz. Amma jim kadan bayan haka, wannan abin ya fara samar da wani haske mai baƙon haske. Ganin wannan kuma don kaffarar lalataccen ɓarawo, Sarki Casimir III ya gina Basilica na Corpus Christie. A wannan, ya kamata ku ba da kulawa ta musamman ga membobin da ke ɗorawa, mawaƙa da minbarin Baroque mai ban sha'awa.

A ƙarshe, a cikin Stare Miasto za ku iya ɓacewa cikin ƙananan titunan da ke cikin Royal Mile ko karin tarihin wannan. Hakanan yanki ne inda akwai sanduna da yawa, gidajen abinci da shagunan tunawa.

Gundumar Podgorze

Idan na baya shine zangon tarihin yahudawa na Krakow, wannan gundumar tana zaune ghetto na wannan garin da Hitler ya kirkira a shekara ta 1941. Har yanzu zaka iya ganin ragowar katangar da ta raba yankin da sauran garin. Amma wurare biyu sun yi fice a Podgorze: na Dandalin Bohaterów, inda aka zaɓi mutanen da za a kai su sansanonin taro, kuma Kamfanin Oskar Schindler, inda yahudawa ke aiki da godiya wanda daruruwan su suka sami ceto.

Tare da sama, za ku iya ganin a cikin wannan gundumar da majami'u na St. Benedict, daga karni na XNUMX, da da San jose, haikalin neo-gothic; da Eagle kantin, inda yahudawa suma suka ɓoye kuma wanda a yau gidan kayan gargajiya ne, da kuma son sani Tudun binne Krakus. Wannan karshen shine tuddai inda, a cewar almara, Yarima Krakus, wanda ya zama shine ya kafa Krakow, an binne shi.

Gidajen tarihi na Krakow

Hakanan zaka iya ziyartar gidajen tarihi da yawa a cikin garin Poland kamar Ethnographic, Archaeological ko Injiniyan Gari. Amma, kasancewa mai matukar son sani, akwai guda biyu da dole ne ku gani. Daya shine Gidan kayan gargajiya na Czartoryski, wanda gimbiya irin wannan suna ta kirkira a shekarar 1796 kuma wadanne gidaje ne, a cikin sauran kayan adon, zanen da Leonardo da Vinci yayi mai taken 'The Lady with the Ermine'. Dayan kuma shine Gidan kayan gargajiya na Yaren mutanen Poland, tare da adadi mai yawa na jiragen sama ko da tun daga Yaƙin Duniya na .aya.

Filin shakatawa

Bayan ganin abubuwan al'ajabi masu tarin yawa, ɗan iska mai kyau zai amfane ku. Kewayen tsohon garin Krakow kuna da filin shakatawa na Planty, babban fili mai girman hekta 21 na yankuna masu kore. An ƙirƙira shi a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX lokacin da aka rusa tsohuwar bango. Koyaya, har yanzu kuna iya ganin sassansa a yankin kamar Ofar Florián da kuma Barbican. Latterarshen kyakkyawar hasumiyar kariya ce daga ƙarni na XNUMX tare da shirin madauwari da hasumiyoyi da yawa.

Wajen bayan gida na Krakow

A cikin kewaye da Krakow akwai wurare biyu da dole ne ku gani. Daya shine Sansanin taro na Auschwitz, yanayin yaƙin Yahudawa na Yahudawa a lokacin mulkin Jamus na Poland. A halin yanzu ana kiyaye shi cikin cikakkiyar yanayi kuma ana iya ziyarta. Koyaya, kwarewa ce mai wahalar gaske, saboda haka bai dace da kowa ba. Ala kulli hal, wuri ne mai girman tarihi.

Sauran shafin da ya kamata ka gani sune ma'adinan gishirin Wieliczka, wanda ke riƙe da rukunin Kayan Duniya. Babu ƙasa da ƙasa da ɗari uku na ɗakunan ajiya na ƙasa waɗanda a cikinsu akwai, kowane takamaiman tazara, ɗakin sujada da ɗakuna. A cikin waɗannan zaku ga siffofin da aka sassaka waɗanda suke a matsayin kwatancin tarihin ma'adinai. Hanyar yawon bude ido da zaku iya yi ya hada da kusan kilomita huɗu na rami tare da ɗakuna XNUMX, wasu tare da tabkuna na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Daga cikin ɗakunan suna da ban sha'awa Chapel na St. Kinga, tsawan mita hamsin da huɗu kuma an yi masa ado da siffofin da aka yi da gishirin kanta.

Yaushe ya fi kyau tafiya zuwa Krakow

Sauyin yanayi a cikin garin Poland ya haɗu da nahiyoyi da kuma na teku. Winters sunyi sanyi sosai kuma tare da yawan dusar kankara. Misali, a watan Janairu matsakaita zafin jiki ya kai kimanin digiri biyar a ƙasa da sifili, tare da maɗaukaka ɗaya ne kawai a saman sifili.

Maimakon haka, lokacin bazara suna da kyau har ma da dumi. A watan Yuli da Agusta, matsakaita matsakaita suna kusan digiri ashirin da uku kuma ƙananan sun kai goma sha uku. Koyaya, mafi munin abu game da yanayin Krakow shine la lluvia. Kowane wata akwai matsakaicin kwanaki goma sha biyu na ruwan sama.

Bisa ga duk wannan, ranakun da suka fi kyau don zuwa garin Poland bazara da faduwa. Yanayin yana da kyau fiye da na hunturu kuma babu wadataccen yawon bude ido kamar na bazara.

Abin da za ku ci a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland

Tsarin gastronomy na garin Polanda sakamakon sakamakon rikicewar rayuwar ƙasar, wani lokacin Russia ce ke kula dashi wani lokacin kuma ta Jamusawa. Sakamakon haka, yana gabatar da abubuwan abinci na waɗancan ƙasashe biyu da aka ambata da na Hungary, Turkish, Armenian, Faransa da yahudawa.

Don jin daɗin wannan gastronomy, zaku iya fara abincinku tare da zurika, miyan garin hatsin rai da nama, ko tare da zuzzurfan tunani, kuma miya amma a wannan yanayin tumatir, taliya, shinkafa da kayan lambu. Hakanan zaka iya zaɓar zane, naman kuli ko cuku da dankalin turawa.

Lokacin yin odar babbar hanya, kuna da goulash ko naman alade, paprika da stew albasa. Shi ma manyan baki, wanda ke da nau'ikan nama da tsiran alade, busassun namomin kaza da plum da kabeji mai tsami, ko yankakken alade da aka buge da dankali da soyayyen kabeji, tasa wacce ba za a iya bayyana sunan ta ba.

Amma ga kayan zaki, kuna da oscypek, kyafaffen cuku tumaki; da obwarzanet, wasu bagels masu dadi; da papal cream cake; da sernic ko cuku-cuku da Torcik piscyngier, mai dadi iri daya a duk kasar Poland wanda ya kunshi fulatan cakulan da aka sha da giya. Hakanan zaka iya rakiyar duk wannan tare da kyakkyawar giyar Yaren mutanen Poland.

A gefe guda, zaku kasance da sha'awar sanin keɓaɓɓen abu na Krakow wanda zai taimake ku ku ci arha. Labari ne game da abin da ake kira sandunan madara ko sandunan mleczny, wuraren da ke ba da abinci na gargajiya da na abinci a farashi mai tsada.

Yadda ake zuwa

El Juan Pablo II International Airport yana da nisan kilomita goma sha ɗaya daga garin. Ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a cikin Poland kuma tana karɓar jirage daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Don isa daga Krakow kuna da taksi, amma ba su da arha.

Madadin haka, zaka iya ɗaukar Balice Express jirgin kasa, wanda ke yin tafiye-tafiye kowane rabin sa'a, yana ɗaukar kimanin minti ashirin kuma yana biyan kuɗi euro biyu kawai. Akwai kuma wani bas don irin wannan farashin. Abinda ya rage ga wadannan shine sun dauki tsawon lokaci, kimanin mintuna talatin.

A gefe guda, zaku iya tafiya zuwa garin Poland ta jirgin ƙasa, ba daga Spain ba, amma daga tsakiyar Turai. Babban tashar shine Krakow Glowny, wanda yake da kyau sosai, kamar yadda yake kusa da cibiyar tarihi. Jiragen kasa sun isa can daga wasu sassan Poland da kuma Vienna, Budapest ko Prague. Balice Express wanda yazo daga tashar jirgin sama zai sauke ku a tashar.

A ƙarshe, Krakow ita ce ɗayan kyawawan biranen Turai. Tana da tarihi mai fadi, kayan tarihi masu ban sha'awa har ma da wasu wurare masu sanyaya rai waɗanda zasu tunatar da ku game da mummunan tarihin tsohon Nahiyar. Idan duk wannan kun sanya gastronomy mai dadi, zaku ga cewa akwai wadatattun dalilai da zasu sa ku tattara jakunkunanku.