Iyo Acropolis

La Acropolis yeAtene ndicho chiratidzo chikuru cheguta guru re Greece uye mucherechedzo wekubwinya nesimba renyika yekare yechiGiriki. Hakuna mushanyi anodarika nepano pasina kushanyira ino.

Muchokwadi, mamwe akawanda maguta echiGreek ane yavo acropolis, izwi rinoshandiswa kuratidza chikamu chepamusoro chepolis. Kunyanya, iyo yeAtene inokwira 156 metres pamusoro pegungwa uye inongowanikwa chete kune rimwe remativi ayo, uko kunosara kweiyo cyclopean ramparts kufambidzana kubva panguva mycenaean.

Hukuru hweAthens Acropolis hunotanga kuzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, apo iro rinowedzera kubudirira Chania yakatanga kuvakwa kwetembere dzakakumikidzwa kuna Athena nevamwe vanamwari pane iri "dombo dzvene."

El Parthenon, the Erechtheum uye zvimwe zvishamiso zvenguva yechinyakare zvakaparadzwa nevaPersia muna 480 BC Mushure mekukunda kwechiGiriki mu Kurapa Hondo zvivakwa zvakavakwazve uye chivharo chakakomberedzwa.

Uye zvakare, makomba makuru akacherwa mukati kuviga zvifananidzo zvevamwari (zvinofungidzirwa zvinoyera) izvo zvakakundwa mukuparadzwa. Nhasi mazhinji emifananidzo iyi inogona kuyemurwa mu Acropolis Museum, yakakurudzirwa kushanya kune vanofarira zvekuchera matongo.

Propylaea, magedhi eAcropolis

Mushure mekukwira chikomo, vashanyi vanopinda yakavharirwa kuburikidza nemadokero ekumadokero, kuyambuka iyo Propylaea, magedhi eAcropolis. Ichi chivakwa chakavakwa muna 437 BC vachishandisa machena kubva kuPentelic machira, kunze kweguta. Yaive yakaumbwa nemaviri makuru emakona mana akagadzira mukova weyakavharirwa.

Yapfuura iyo Propylaea, masitepisi ematombo anotungamira kune iyo Tembere yaAthena Victoria, iyo ichiri kuchengetedza macolon ayo eIonic uye chikamu chechimiro chayo. Munguva dzekare raichengetwa mukati chifananidzo chemwarikadzi ane mapapiro Athena, mudziviriri weguta, ane mapapiro akange akatsemurwa nenzira yekufananidzira kuitira kuti igare ichidzivirira maAtene.

Zvakare pano paive iyo Tembere yaAtemisi Brauronia, izvo nhasi zvasara zvisaririra zvishoma.

Kunyangwe nhasi ichipa chisina kupfeka, muzuva rayo kwaive zvakare ne musango rinoyera kuyambuka neinonzi Via Sacra.

Iyo Parthenon

Chishongo chikuru cheAcropolis ndiyo tembere yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Atene Parthenos (Mhandara Athena), anozivikanwa zviri nani se "Parthenon".

Yakavakwa mukati doric maitiro uye kutevera iyo canon ye classical zviyero: mbiru sere padivi rakamanikana ne17 muhupamhi; Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakakwirira mamita 10,43, kureva kuti, kakapetwa ka 5,5 kupetwa nechigadziko chayo. Izvo zvekunze zvekushongedza zveiyo frieze zvinogona kuyemurwa nhasi mu British Museum london. Mumatopu avo vaimiririrwa pakati pezvimwe zvinhu Trojan Hondo mifananidzo uye kufora kwe Panathenaic.

Mukati meParthenon iwe uchiri kugona kuona chifananidzo pakave chakamisikidzwa chifananidzo cheAthena, chakakwirira mamita gumi, chakavezwa Phidias nendarama nenyanga dzenzou.

Iyo Erechtheum

Icho chivakwa chepakutanga pane iyo Acropolis. Iwo akavakirwa pane isina kuenzana ivhu, iri asymmetrical uye kune rimwe remativi ayo rinotsiva echinyakare makoramu neanozivikanwa iwo caryatids. Izvi zvidhori zvevakadzi zvinopihwa mazita mushure mevasikana veSpartan vakatorwa sevaranda nevaAtene munguva yehondo yePeloponnesia.

Tsika yechinyakare yeAtene yakaraira kuti mukati me Erechtheum gara nguva dzose nyoka mhenyu, iyo yaimiririra mweya wegamba Erechtheus. Kana nyoka iyi ikafa, yaifanirwa kutsiviwa neimwe.

Munguva dzeByzantine tembere iyi yakashandurwa kuita chechi; gare gare, pasi pehutongi hweOttoman, yakave yekutanga mosque uyezve yevakadzi vePasha.

Dhiyabhorosi Dionysus

Iyi tembere, yakavakwa mumatombo muna 340 BC, muenzaniso unoshamisa weyakare greek theatre. ari Dhiyabhorosi DionysusYakatumidzwa mukuremekedza kunamatwa kwamwari wewaini, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kumagumo eAcropolis uye panguva iyoyo yaive nekwanisi yekugamuchira 17.000 vaoni.

Padivi pazvo pane zvakasara zveimwe chimiro chinozivikanwa se Odeon wePericles, yakatsaurirwa kutora mimhanzi inoratidza.

Zvimwe zvivakwa zveAcropolis yeAtene

Pakati pezvakawanda zvezvivakwa zvakamira paAcropolis panguva yayo yegoridhe, hapana zvisaririra zvinoonekwa nhasi. Nekudaro, muAcropolis Museum iwe unogona kuona yakatendeka mabudiro uye tsananguro nezve zvadzinoreva uye nebasa razvo. Izvi ndizvo zvakakosha.

• El Reforion, chivakwa chiri kuchamhembe kweAcropolis uko vakadzi vechidiki vaitungamira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvekutarisira chifananidzo chaAthena chaigara.
• El Eleusinion, Tembere yakavakwa nekuraira kwePericles kunamata zvakavanzika zvaEleusis.
• El asclepeion, tembere yakatsaurwa kuna mwari wemishonga uko vairwara nevapristi vaipinda.