Varanda mukare Girisi

Kuvapo kwevaranda mukare Girisi kwakadzokera kumazuva ekutanga eiyo budiriro uye kunoenderera kusvikira kudzikira kwayo. Nechekare Nguva yeMycenaean (1600-1200 BC) vakavashandisa kuhupfumi hwavo. Uye mu Nguva yechiGiriki (323-31 BC) kuchine varanda vakanyoreswa senhumbi yemadzishe makuru.

Zvisinei, sezvazviriwo nenyaya yehuranda mu Ijipiti and in Roma, nguva yega yega yaive nehanya kwayo nevanhu ava vakatorerwa rusununguko. Uye zvakaenzana havasi vese vaive nemamiriro akafanana. Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvevaranda kuGreek yekare, tinokukoka kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga.

Maitiro Ekuita Uranda Kwakauya muGreek Yekare

Varanda veGirisi yekare vaigona kuve vese vekunze uye vagari veko avo, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana chimwe vakarasikirwa nekodzero dzavo dzevanhu vakasununguka. Asi, zvakanyanyisa, ivo vakasvika iwo mamiriro nekuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu.

Vasungwa vehondo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvekutora varanda vemaGreek dzaive hondo dzavaikunda. Mune izvi zvakare budiriro yavo inowirirana neyekuRoma neyekuIjipita. Yakanga iri kunyanya vagari Phrygians, mudiwa, lydians, scythians, cyrenaics o Thracians.

Kana zviri zvevakadzi, maGreek vakatora vese varume nevakadzi. Ndokureva, ivo havana kungotora sevaranda varwi vaive vatarisana navo. Zvakare vakadzi vavo uye kunyangwe vana vakatorwa kutemerwa uranda. Varume vacho vakazvipira kumabasa aida kushanda nesimba kukuru; vakadzi kubasa repamba uye vana, vanga vachidyidzana navo kana kutengeswa kune vanotengesa varanda avo vakamirira kuti vakure kuti vavazotengesezve.

Akatorwa nevapambi

Vamwe varanda muGirisi yekare vaive vagari vemahara vemamwe marudzi avo vanga vari kubiwa nevapambi mukati mekurwisa kwavo pamachiteshi akasiyana eiyo Mediterranean.

Ipapo vakatengeswa nevanozviviga pachavo mumisika zhinji yevaranda yaive kana kuiswa mumaoko evatengesi vakavatenga. Nezve misika iyoyo, yaive mazhinji kuGreek yekare. Asi iyo Piraeus zviteshi zveAtene, pamwe neizvo zve Ye, Maroon, Efeso o Aegina.

Varanda chikwereti

Imwe sosi yekuwanikwa kwevaranda kuGreek yekare yaive nehukama ne zvikwereti. Vagari vemahara avo vakatadza kusangana nemabhadharo avo vakawira mumamiriro evaranda. Yakanga iri kesi yakajairwa, semuenzaniso, pakati varombo uyo akarenda nzvimbo uye aisakwanisa kubhadhara renti kumuridzi wemba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vaive pasi pazvo.

Ichokwadi kuti uranda hwavo hwaive zvishoma. Iyo nguva yavakakwanisa kubhadhara idzi dzakamirira kubhadhara, ivo vakabva vaburitswa uye ndokudzoserwa pachimiro chavo sevagari vakasununguka.

Nekudaro, mune ino kesi isu tinofanirwa kugadzira chaiyo inobata iyo polis ye Chania. Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, paramende Solon yairambidza tsika iyi saka yakamira kuitiswa.

Mutengo wevaranda

Sezvo vanhu vakasuruvara ava vaionekwa sechinhu chakachena, mutengo wevaranda wakachinja zvese zvichienderana nenguva uye nemitemo yakachena yenyika. kugovera uye kudiwa. Ndokunge, apo varanda pavaidikanwa uye paive nevashoma, mutengo wavo wakakwira, nepo pavakawanda, mutengo wavo wakaderera.

Saizvozvowo, hazvisi zvese zvinodhura zvakafanana. Mutengo wemurume akasimba akagadzirirwa mabasa ekumanikidza wainge wakasiyana neiya yemurume mukuru asingachagone kubatsirwa. Zvisinei, chero zvakadaro, kuva nemuranda kwaisadhura zvakanyanya kuGirisi yekare. Tinogona kukuudza, semuenzaniso, kuti iyo muhoro wegore iyo yaigamuchirwa nemushandi weAtene yaikwana kuiwana.

Uranda mukare Girisi

Chero zvazvingaitika, kubva pakuona kwevanhu, isu tinonyanya kufarira kuziva kuti mamiriro ehupenyu hwemuranda aive sei kuGreek yekare. Asi izvo zvauri kuzoverenga hausi kuzoda.

Nekuti, kune maGreek, akakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya kune zvimwe zvinhu, muranda anga asiri chinhu chinhu chinokosha. Kwavari, yaive nehunhu hwakaenzana neyechipfuwo senge idzo dzaigadzira zvipfuyo zvavo. Muchokwadi, chinhu choga chaishungurudza madzishe avo ndechekuti vaive kuguta zvakakwana. Asi, kunyangwe mune ino kesi yanga isiri yekuitira zvakanaka, asi kunze kwekufarira: vanochengetwa zvirinani mupfungwa iyi, basa riri nani ravanopa.

Nezve tarisiro yeupenyu yevaranda vechiGreek, zvaienderana nebasa ravakatemerwa. Sezvaunonzwisisa, muranda aive akazvipira kutora sirivheri kumigodhi ye mount laurion, in Chania, pane mumwe akazvipira kumabasa epfungwa sekudzidzisa vana vashe vake kana kuchengeta maakaunzi ama tenzi

Zvine musoro, tarisiro yeupenyu yemuranda yaive zvakare basa rerunako rwatenzi wake. Mumabhuku echiGiriki mune mienzaniso mizhinji yemadzishe anovabata nayo vanhu, asi zvakare kubva kune vamwe vaive zvakanyanya utsinye navo. Chero zvazvingaitika, muranda aigona kurangwa sekurohwa. Uye vanyori vakaita Xenophon o tsindi Vakakurudzira mumabasa avo kuti vabatwe zvakanaka.

Nekudaro, iwe haufanire kuzvinyengera nekuti ivo havana kuzviita kubva muvanhu futi. Chikonzero chavakashandisa izvi ndechekuti vaisazotiza kana kurangana kupokana natenzi wavo uye kuti vaizoita zvirinani.

Kusunungurwa kwevaranda mukare Girisi

SemuIjipita yekare uye nehushe hweRoma, varanda vechiGiriki vaigona kusunungurwa natenzi wavo. Kuti tidaro, zvaive zvakakwana kuti izvi zvichazviratidza pachena. Paitove nezviitiko zvevaridzi vaizviita pakati pemitambo yemitambo kana mukutongwa, zvese izvi zvaifanira kurambidzwa sezvo zvaitungamira mukukanganisa kwerunyararo.

Isu tinowanawo mune zvipupuriro zvenguva kesi dze kuburitswa pamwe chete yevaranda. Semuenzaniso, yakaitwa mu Thasos kukutenda nekuvimbika kwako panguva yehondo mamiriro.

Kune rimwe divi, muranda aigona kutenga rusununguko rwake mukutsinhana nemari. Kuti aite izvi, anogona kunyorera chikwereti kana kukumbira rubatsiro rwemhuri yake. Pakanga paine makesi ekuburitswa zvishoma. Mupfungwa iyi, tinogona kukuudza nezve iyo mira, chibvumirano chaishandira tenzi wake kusvikira afa uye akasununguka. Ndokunge, vagari venhaka havana kukwanisa kuirasa.

Zvisinei, pakusunungurwa haana kuva mugari akasununguka. Chinzvimbo chake chaive chakafanana neicho che nosy (zita rakapihwa vatorwa) uye nekudaro vaive nezvisungo.

Mukupedzisa, varanda muGrisi yekare vaive ne kusiririsa mamiriro kufanana neavo vaive mumamiriro akafanana muEjipitori kana muRoma. Kunyangwe mukutanga kweaya mabudiriro vaive nekodzero.