Matryoshka, chidhori cheRussia

Kune zvimwe zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvinozivikanwa pasi rese. Iyo sushi iJapan, iyo sketi masiketi maScotland uye saka tinogona kuita runyorwa rurefu. Izvo hazvina basa kana isu tichiziva iyo nyika zvishoma kana zvakawanda, izvo zvasvika pakuzviziva.

Panyaya yeRussia, ndingati pane zvinhu zviviri zviri quintessentially Russian: vodka uye madhiragi tinokuda. Aya madhora akanaka anokwana mukati meumwe zvakafanana nemhizha dzeRussia.

Matryoshka, iyo nyaya

Kunyangwe mumwe angave achifunga zvine musoro kuti aya madiki madhongi madiki chinhu chekare kwazvo, haasi. Icho chishandiso chazvino uno kana "chazvino" mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko kubvira kuoneka kekutanga munguva yekupedzisira XNUMXth century.

Kare kumashure kwaishanda en Abramtsevo, Moscow, musangano wekudzidzisa vana kuti iye akavamba mupfumi maindasitiri aifarira hunyanzvi, Sava Mamontov. Idzo dzaive nguva dzisingadzoreki kwete chete muRussia asi munyika.

Funga nezvekuti makore mangani eEurope aizvigadzirisazve zvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi, pamwe neshanduko dzakateerana munzanga, uye kunyangwe Russia yanga ichisarira kumashure mukuita uku, mhepo dzekuchinja dzaivhuvhuta pano futi.

Mumunda wehunyanzvi, a itsva russian art dhizaini uye kwaive nevazhinji maartist akashevedzwa nemuindasitiri uyu kuti atore nzvimbo mumusangano wake. Zvinoenderana nenyaya yepamutemo rimwe zuva rakanaka mumwe munhu akauya nechimiro cheJapan, iyo fukurumaChaizvoizvo chimiro chaive nezvimwe zvidiki mukati, senge ramangwana Russian matrioksa.

Mhizha dzeRussia dzakakurumidza kuwana zano uye ivo vakatanga kushanda pamatanda maficha muchimiro chemaapuro, mazai ePasika, uye vakadzi. Mumwe wavo akafona Sergei Maliutin akafunga kushanda nemufananidzo wechiJapan kuti agadzire chinhu chakanyanya Russian.

Yakagadzirwa iyo uye akakumbira rubatsiro kubva kumhizha mhizha anonzi Zveudochin uyo pakupedzisira aive musiki wedhori rekutanga nevamwe mukati mehuni. Maliutin akapa hupenyu kumhuri yevarimi veRussia saka avo vaive vekutanga "zvidhoma zveRussia": amai vane vana vanomwe saka paive nezvidhori zvisere zvese.

Kana rimwe zuva ukaenda kuRussia uye uchifarira hunyanzvi uhu, unogona kutora kutarisa kuMuseum yeMatoyi uye woona seti yekutanga yematrioskas nevamwe vazhinji vari chikamu chechitsauko ichocho chekutanga munhoroondo yeRussia inozivikanwa kwazvo. mhizha.

Ichokwadi ndechekuti hunyanzvi uhu hwachinja zvishoma kubva muna 1890. Birch uye lime huni zvinowanzoshandiswa iyo inotemwa mukutanga kwechirimo, bark rinobviswa, richiisiya mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti ridzivirire kubva pakuoma nekutyoka. Mitsetse mirefu inodimburwa uye inoiswa mumirwi yakaparadzana kuitira kuti mhepo ifambe.

Iyi mirwi inowanzo kuwanikwa panze kwemakore akati wandeiEhe, iwe unoverenga izvo nenzira kwayo, makore uye kwete mazuva kana mwedzi. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuti huni inotora humwe hunhu isina kuoma, saka ziso rakangwarira ratenzi rinodiwa kuti riibvise panguva yacho chaiyo uye kutanga kugadzirira zvidimbu zvinozove zvidhori zvenguva yemberi.

Iyo yakazara nzira inozogadzira matryoshka ine anopfuura kana mashoma gumi nemashanu matanho akasiyana. Zvisinei, Sei achizivikanwa nezita rekuti matryoshka o matryoshka? Hapana anoziva kuti ndiani akauya nazvo asi ichokwadi kuti kubva ku matron, zita rekare reRussia rinozivikanwa kwazvo mumaruwa. amai ndiamai muchiLatin saka zvinogona kunge zvinobvawo ipapo.

Uye iyo nyaya yeaya madiki madiki madiki anoenderera sei? Zvakanaka, kwechinguva ivo vaingova chigadzirwa chemusangano uyu asi pakavharwa zvese, vadzidzi, michina uye vadzidzisi, vakatamira Sergei posad, padhuze neMoscow. Zvepamutemo apa ndipo pekutanga matryoshka, makiromita makumi manomwe nematanhatu chete kubva kuguta guru reRussia, mutaundi rine monastery yekare ye73th century.

Mamongi akakurudzira mabasa emaoko nematoyi ematanda zvaive nyore kugadzira, zvakachipa uye zvakapusa saka misha nemataundi akapoterera Sergei Posad Trinity Monastery vakave mhizha dzakakurumbira.

Mumusika wayo muhombe vanhu uye zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakaparadzirwa kuti iyo tinokuda vakatanga kuonana nekuteedzera uye aya aive matanho ekutanga munhoroondo inokurumidza yedhori iyi.

Matryoshka nyanzvi dzinoona zvikamu mukukura kwechiuno: pakutanga dhizaini yezviso ndiyo yainyanya kukosha. Ipapo matauriro acho aive pahembe. Mumiriri wekutanga aive evarombo, vatengesi uye gare gare, hongu, evakuru. Kunyangwe chimiro chechidhori chaicho chaichinja uye chichichinja, ichienda kubva pachinyakare chimiro ichienda kune chakanyatso nyorwa.

Finalmente vakatanga kuoneka tinokuda special. Iyi ndiyo kesi yeGerman, gavhuna weiyo panguva iyo Ukraine, chikamu cheRussian Empire.

Dzimwe mhuri dzakatangawo kuhaya mhizha kuti dzivamirire mune ino inonakidza uye inonakidza dhizaini, asi Pakati pemhando dzakakurumbira paive neTurkey, maChinese, maLithuania, mhuri yechiTatar, yekuUkraine.

Asi munhu anogona kuva nezvidimbu zvingani matryoshka? Iwo akatengeswa mumusika weSergei Posad aive nezvidimbu zviviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana asi mazuva ano seti yakajairwa inogona kuve nezvidimbu zvitatu, zvisere negumi nembiri. Paive nevanyori vaifara uye vakaita makumi mana nemasere maseti. Kutonhora! Iyi seti iri mu Toy Toy Museum asi muSaint Petersburg.

Chokwadi ndechekuti chakatanga sehunyanzvi hwakareruka, chimwe chinhu chakaitwa nekukasira uye chisina kushongedzwa zvakanyanya, chaitora hupenyu hwacho uye nekufamba kwenguva, kufamba kwenguva uye akasiyana maitiro ehunyanzvi akasiya mucherechedzo.

Kana iyo tinokuda yaSergei Posad ndivo vekutanga vakavewo vakakurumbira avo ve Semiovo, yemavara avo, mavarnishi avo uye chimiro chehembe dzavo. Kusvika nanhasi ivo ndeimwe yevakakurumbira uye vane mukurumbira chaizvo nekuti mazhinji avo matryoshka seti akaumbwa nezvidimbu zvakawanda.

Iyo seti hombe yaive nezvidimbu makumi manomwe nezviviri uye yakaitirwa kuyeukwa kwezuva rekuzvarwa kwaLenin muna 72. Iyi hunyanzvi haina kumira yakamira uye inoramba ichikura. Sergei Posad, Semionovo uye Polkhovsky Maidan inzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kwezvishamiso zvidiki izvi.

Nhasi une mazhinji masitaera ekusarudza kubva: echinyakare, echinyakare, ezvematongerwo enyika hunhu, comic bhuku hunhu, chitendero maitiro, tsika.

ari tinokuda izvo zvipo zvekare muRussia pazuva remuchato, sematoyi evana, kuunganidza, kushongedza chinhu kana sechipo panoberekwa mwana kana paZuva raAmai. Usakanganwa kuunza zvimwe!