Los imvelaphi yeVenezuela Babuyela kwixesha apho umhlaba wabo unokuba nabantu abafudukayo baseMelika, kumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, into eyaziwayo ngembali evela kwimibhalo efunyenweyo, iqala ngokufika kwabaseSpain bokuqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1777. Kuze kube ngo-1527 ukuba iVenezuela yenziwe njengombuso ovela kwiCaptaincy General yaseVenezuela, ngelo xesha yayiyikoloni yaseSpain eyasungulwa ngo-XNUMX.
Abahlali bokuqala baseVenezuela
Umntu wokuqala ukuvela kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yiVenezuela kwiminyaka engama-30.000 eyadlulayo kwaye yavela kwiAmazon, kwiCaribbean nakwiiAndes. Abemi bokuqala eVenezuela bahambelana namaqela abantu abafike kule mimandla ngexesha lePleistocene eLate, ekunokwenzeka ukuba ivela emantla. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu baqala ukuhlala kunxweme olusemantla eVenezuela.
Ezinye zeendawo apho kufunyenwe umkhondo wabemi kubandakanya UMuaco, Taima-Taima kunye no-El Jobo. Kufuneka kuthiwe ubukho babahlali bokuqala baseVenezuela babuyela umva ngonyaka we-13000 BC Ngelo xesha, abantu ababehlala kwindawo ngoku eyiFalcón, babelana ngendawo yokuhlala nezilwanyana ezininzi, kubandakanya ne-glyptodonts, megaterios kunye toxodonts.
Amaqela emveli
El Ixesha lemveli laseVenezuela liqala ngonyaka we-1000 BCNangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwayo kwahlukile ngokwemimandla. Into eyinyani kukuba kukho ukukhula kwezolimo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Phantse isiqingatha sesigidi sabantu kwindawo okwangoku eyi-Venezuela, ngebeza bevela emantla, mhlawumbi bevela kwingingqi yeCalabozo, entshona, i-Andes nakwasenyakatho yeCaribbean.
Ngelo xesha abona bantu baseIndiya babephambili chibchi kwingingqi yeAndes iikhabho kummandla phantse onke amanxweme, ukongeza kwi IsiArawak, apho kulo mmandla wonxweme. Kwindawo ekumazantsi eVenezuela yayiyeyona indlela okanye guajirosi. Kuyaziwa ukuba intsimi yeVenezuela yanamhlanje yayihluke kakhulu ngexesha langaphambi kweColombia. Amaqela emveli eVenezuela kukholelwa ukuba angamaqela ali-16 eelwimi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:
- Usapho lakwa-Arawak
- Usapho lweCaribbean
- Intsapho
- chibcha
- Usapho lakwaGuajibana
- Chwetheza usapho
- Usapho lakwaYanomama
Ixesha lekholoni eVenezuela
La i-colonization yaseVenezuela yenziwa yiSpain ukusuka embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX de kube sekuqalekeni kweeMfazwe zeNkululeko. Kanye ngeli xesha lobukoloniyali apho kwabekwa khona iziseko zelizwe laseVenezuela. Oko kukuthi, indibaniselwano yeenkcubeko zaseSpain, zaseAfrika kunye nezemveli, ukusebenzisa iSpanish njengolona lwimi luphambili.
Kwakungelo xesha ngeli xesha UbuKrestu bamkelwa, kunye nokusikelwa umda kwikoloni, ukongeza kumbutho womhlaba oza kuthi ekugqibeleni wenze i-Captaincy General. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, iSpanish yayinolawulo olupheleleyo lwendawo eselunxwemeni, iAndes, ukongeza kwiindawo ezithile. IiLlanos kunye nommandla osemazantsi ziyaqhubeka ukuba ziindawo ezilawulwa ngabantu balapho. Ngenxa yoko, ukungqubana phakathi kwabantu baseSpain nabemi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo, eyathi yaqhubeka de kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Siyabonga ku ubukoloniyali baseSpain eVenezuela, izixeko ezininzi nezibalulekileyo ezinjengeValencia, iCoro, iBarcelona, iPuerto Cabello, iSantiago de León de Caracas neMaracaibo zasekwa. Ngelo xesha, idolophu yaseCaracas yayilikomkhulu leCaptaincy General, eyayinoxanduva lokulawula lo mmandla, owawuxhomekeke kuViceroyalty yaseSanta Fe de Bogotá.
Kunika umdla ukukhankanya oko Ngexesha lekoloniyali kwenzeka kweli lizwe, Njengazo zonke iikholoni zaseSpain, a Ukwahlula phakathi kwee-castes okanye ii-estates. Ngelo xesha umlinganiselo wohlanga wawunobunzima obubaluleke kakhulu. Ukongeza, amandla ezopolitiko ayesezandleni zeentsapho zabamhlophe, ababeyinzala yamaSpanish kunye namaCreole, azalelwa kuloo ndawo. Kwaye babesaziwa njengeMantuanos.
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, uluntu lobukoloniyali luthwaxwa yimeko yeengxaki kwaye ngenxa yoko kwavela intshukumo yokuqala yenkululeko, eyayisisimboli senkululeko yekholoni eyathi ekugqibeleni yenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.
Okokugqibela, nditsho nje ukuba ixesha apho kuthathwa khona ezopolitiko, liya kwandisa i-Venezuela de kube ngumnyaka we-1821, ngelixa kumaphondo afana neMaracaibo kunye neCoro, ukongeza kwisixeko sasePuerto Cabello, ixesha lobukoloniyali beliya kuhlala kude kube li-1823.