ECrocovia

Ngaphezulu kwewaka leminyaka lembali nangaphezulu kwentsomi, iKrakow sisixeko esihle. Kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX yachongwa njengekomkhulu lasePoland UCasimir mna uMhlaziyi Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba ibe kwinqanaba lokuqala lobuKristu kweli lizwe. Sele inkulungwane ye-1364 yaba liziko lezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko kwanesayensi, kunye nokusekwa kweyunivesithi yayo kwiXNUMX.

Nangona kunjalo, kamva kunye nakwiinkulungwane ezininzi, isixeko sasiphethwe ziimpikiswano phakathi kwamaRussia, amaPrussia, abaseSweden kunye nabaseOstriya, sidlula amaxesha ngamaxesha sisuka komnye ukuya komnye. Sele inkulungwane ephelileyo, iPoland yaphinda yabuya ulawulo lwayo kwaye iKrakow yaba sisixeko sesibini selizwe emva kwekomkhulu lalo. I-Warsaw.

Isiqhamo sembali ende kwaye ngamanye amaxesha esimangalisayo sisakhiwo esikhulu esikunika sona. Liqela elikhulu kakhulu lezakhiwo ezigxile ikakhulu kwiziko laso eliyimbali, kubhengeziwe Ilifa lehlabathi ngu-UNESCO ngo-1978, apho ubona khona, zihlala zixubekile, iisampulu ezintle zobugcisa beGothic, Renaissance kunye neBaroque. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi uKrakow, siyakumema ukuba usijoyine.

Yintoni ongayibona eKrakow

Uwele i Umlambo iVistula, IKrakow ifumana ngaphezu kwabakhenkethi abazizigidi ezisibhozo ngonyaka. Hayi lilize, iqwalaselwa ziingcali omnye wemizi mihle, hayi kuphela eYurophu, kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Siza kwazi ilifa laso elityebileyo.

IZiko leMbali laseKrakow okanye iMarast Miasto

Singakuxelela lonto Jonga iMiasto, njengoko iziko lembali laseKrakow laziwa, lahlulwe langamacandelo amathathu, ngalinye linomdla kwaye awunakuphoswa.

Isixeko samaxesha aphakathi

Indawo yokuqala kunye neyona ndawo iphambili sisiXeko esiPhakathi, esingundoqo sayo rynek isikwere, yakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ethi, iphantse ibe ngamakhulu amabini eemitha kwicala, yeyona inkulu eYurophu. Kwelinye icala, embindini wayo ubona oko kubizwa ngokuba ULonja de las Pañerías, isakhiwo esihle se-Renaissance. Kwaye, kwinxalenye yayo esempuma, uya kuyifumana I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria, yicawa yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ebalaseleyo eyame yodwa ngesimbo sayo seGothic kunye nefadade ebomvu.

Ezinye izikhumbuzo onomdla wokuzibona eRynek Square ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo UAdam Mickiewicz, imbongi enkulu yothando yasePoland; i Inqaba yeHolo yaseKapa, Inkangeleko yabo ibonakala ingamawele kule nkonzo ikhankanywe ngasentla; i Icawa yokuNyuka kukaMama wethu, kunye neGothic, kunye nokwakhiwa kwe IYunivesithi yaseJagiellonian, kwakhona ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine.

Wawel Hill

Indawo yesibini enomdla kwiziko lembali laseKrakow yiWawel Hill, ebigcina iziko lamandla ePoland kangangeenkulungwane. Kuyo, uya kufumana ikakhulu izikhumbuzo ezintathu. Inkqubo ye- ICathedral yaseSaint Wenceslas kunye neSt.Stanislaus Kuqwalaselwa njengeyona ndawo ingcwele kwilizwe liphela. Eyakhelwe kwinkulungwane ye-18 phantsi kwesakhiwo seGothic, iicawa ezili-XNUMX zoKuvuselelwa zongezwa kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva. Phakathi kwezi zinto, inokubaluleka okukhethekileyo kaSigismund I, eyincopho yoRenaissance ePoland.

Ngenxalenye yalo, i Inqaba yaseWawel Royal, ikwavela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, yinto eyakha umdla yaseRomanesque neyesiGothic ephakama ijikeleze indawo engaphakathi. Kwakuyindawo yokuhlala yookumkani basePoland ixesha elide kwaye ungandwendwela. Ngapha koko, inezindlu ezintle Imyuziyam yobugcisa nengqokelela ebalaseleyo yemizobo yeRenaissance kunye nemisebenzi exabisekileyo yeengcibi zegolide, iiseramikhi kwanobugcisa baseMpuma.

Isikhumbuzo sesithathu ngu Icawa yaseSan Andrés eyathi yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngokwemigaqo yeRoma, sesinye sezona zakhiwo zidala eKrakow. Ukongeza ekubeni yicawa, yayiyinqaba, njengoko oko kungqinwa yimimandla yayo yokuzikhusela.

Kazimierz

Le nucleus yamandulo yayi ikota yamaJuda ukusuka kumaXesha Aphakathi kude kube sekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ukususela ngelo xesha bahlala izindlu zesikhungu ezinjengeeRemu okanye ezikaKupah. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izikhumbuzo. Phakathi kwabo Iirampu ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine; i Iicawa zaseSanta Caterina y YeSan Estanislao, IsiGothic sokuqala kunye nesibini se-baroque, okanye ICorpus Christie basilica.

Ngokubhekiselele kule yokugqibela kukho ilivo ukwazi. Kuyabonakala ukuba umntu othile weba ukugcinwa kweCawe yaBangcwele abangenatyala ecinga ukuba yigolide. Ebona ukuba lubhedu, walushiya kumgxobhozo waseKazimierz. Kodwa kungekudala emva koko, le nto yaqala ukuvelisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenxa yoku kunye nokuhlawulela ukungcwaliswa kwesela, uKing Casimir III wakha iBasilica yaseCorpus Christie. Kule nto, kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwilungu elimangalisayo, ikwayara kunye nepulpiti yeBaroque.

Okokugqibela, eStare Miasto ungalahleka kwizitrato ezimxinwa ezenza Imayile yasebukhosini okanye ngaphezulu kwembali. Ikwayindawo apho kukho imivalo emininzi, iivenkile zokutyela kunye neevenkile zesikhumbuzo.

ISithili sasePodgorze

Ukuba eyangaphambili yayiyikota yezembali yamaJuda yaseKrakow, esi sithili sasigcinwe ighetto yale dolophu yenziwa nguHitler ngo-1941. Usenokubona kuyo iintsalela zodonga olwahlula le ndawo kwisixeko sonke. Kodwa zimbini iindawo ezimileyo ePodgorze: Isikwere iBohaterów, apho abantu ababezokusiwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso babekhethwe khona, kunye Umzi mveliso ka-Oskar Schindler, apho amaYuda ayesebenza khona kwaye enkosi kuwo amakhulu asindiswayo.

Kunye noku kungasentla, unokubona kwesi sithili indawo Iicawa zaseSt. Benedict, ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaza Ukusuka eSan jose, itempile ye-neo-gothic; i Ikhemesti yokhozi, apho amaYuda ayefihlwe khona kwaye namhlanje iyimyuziyam, kwaye inomdla Induli yokungcwaba iKrakus. Le yokugqibela sisiduli apho, ngokwentsomi, iNkosana uKrakus, owaba ngumseki weKrakow, wangcwatywa khona.

Iimyuziyam zaseKrakow

Unokutyelela iimyuziyam ezininzi kwisixeko sasePoland ezinje nge-Ethnographic, Archaeological okanye i-Urban Engineering. Kodwa, ukuba unomdla kakhulu, zimbini ekufuneka uzibonile. Inye ngu Imyuziyam yaseCzartoryski, Eyenziwe yinkosazana yefani enye ngo-1796 kwaye zeziphi izindlu, phakathi kwezinye iigugu, umzobo kaLeonardo da Vinci onesihloko esithi 'Inenekazi eline-Ermine'. Kwaye enye Imyuziyam yasePoland, kunye nenani elikhulu leenqwelo moya nakwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala.

IParky Park

Emva kokubona imimangaliso emikhulu kangaka, umoya omncinci omtsha uya kukunceda. Ungqonge idolophu endala yeKrakow unePlanty Park, indawo enkulu yeehektare ezingama-21 zeendawo eziluhlaza. Yadalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX xa udonga oludala lwaludilizwa. Nangona kunjalo, usenokubona iinxalenye zayo kwindawo ezinje Isango likaFlorián kunye IBarbican. Le yokugqibela yinqaba entle yokuzikhusela ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngesicwangciso setyhula kunye neenqaba ezininzi.

Ngaphandle kweKrakow

Kwiindawo ezingqonge iKrakow zimbini iindawo ekufuneka uzibonile. Inye ngu Inkampu yoxinaniso yaseAuschwitz, umfanekiso woKhukula KwamaYuda ngexesha lolawulo lwamaJamani ePoland. Okwangoku igcinwe ikwimeko efanelekileyo kwaye inokutyelelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamava anzima kakhulu, ke ayilungele wonke umntu. Ngayiphi na imeko, yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu embalini.

Enye indawo ekufuneka uyibonile yile imigodi yetyuwa yeWieliczka, ezibambe udidi lwe Ilifa lehlabathi. Akukho ngaphantsi kwamakhulu amathathu eekhilomitha zegalari zangaphantsi komhlaba apho kukho, wonke umgama othile, izindlu zenkonzo kunye namagumbi. Kwezi zinto uza kubona amanani aqingqiweyo asebenza njengomzekeliso wembali yemigodi. Indlela yabakhenkethi onokuyenza ibandakanya phantse iikhilomitha ezine zamatonela anamagumbi angama-XNUMX, amanye enamachibi angaphantsi komhlaba. Phakathi kwamagumbi kubonakala kumangalisa Icawa yaseSt. Kinga, Iimitha ezingamashumi amahlanu anesine ubude kwaye ihonjiswe ngamanani enziwe ngetyuwa uqobo.

Kukulungele nini ukuya eKrakow

Imozulu kwisixeko sasePoland ngumxube welizwekazi kunye nolwandle. Ubusika buyabanda kunye nekhephu rhoqo. Umzekelo, ngoJanuwari iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi limalunga neqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kweqondo, kunye nokuphakama kwelinye kuphela ngaphezu kweqanda.

Kunoko, ihlobo zilungile kwaye ushushu. NgoJulayi nango-Agasti, i-avareji ephezulu ijikeleze iidigri ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu kwaye ubuncinci bumalunga neshumi elinesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto imbi kakhulu ngemozulu yeKrakow yile la lluvia. Rhoqo ngenyanga kukho umndilili weentsuku ezilishumi elinambini zemvula.

Ngokusekwe kuko konke oku, eyona mihla ifanelekileyo yokuya kwisixeko sasePoland yile Intwasahlobo nokuwa. Amaqondo obushushu amnandi ngakumbi kunasebusika kwaye akukho kukhulu kokugcwala kwabakhenkethi njengasehlotyeni.

Yintoni oza kuyitya kwisixeko sasePoland

I-gastronomy yedolophu yasePoland sisiphumo sobomi belizwe elixakekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha lilawulwa ngamaRussia kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamaJamani. Ngenxa yoko, ibonisa izinto zokupheka zala mazwe mabini akhankanyiweyo kunye neHungary, iTurkey, iArmenian, isiFrentshi kunye namaJuda.

Ukonwabela le gastronomy, ungaqala isidlo sakho nge isuphu emuncu, isuphu yomgubo we-rye kunye nenyama, okanye kunye zupa pomidorawa, nayo isuphu kodwa kule tumato, ipasta, irayisi kunye nemifuno. Unokukhetha i amadombolo, inyama okanye itshizi amadombolo ngeetapile.

Xa uodola ikhosi ephambili, une goulash okanye inyama yehagu, ipaprika kunye netswele. Naye ngokunjalo ipayi, eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyama kunye neesoseji, amakhowa owomileyo kunye neeplums kunye nekhaphetshu emuncu, okanye inyama yehagu egalelwe iitapile kunye nekhaphetshu eqhotsiweyo, isitya esinegama elingenakubhengezwa.

Ngokubhekisele kwiidizethi, unayo ifayili, itshayi yegusha etshayiweyo; i kubazanet, ezinye iibhegi ezimnandi; i ikeyiki cream papal; i ikeyiki yamasi okanye ikhekhe lekhekhe kunye Uyintoni torcik, uswidi oqhelekileyo kulo lonke elasePoland oqukethe amaqebengwana etshokholethi enencasa ngotywala. Unokuhamba nayo yonke le nto ngebhiya entle yasePoland.

Kwelinye icala, uya kuba nomdla ekwazini uhlobo olwahlukileyo lweKrakow oluya kukunceda utye ixabiso eliphantsi. Imalunga nokubizwa njalo imivalo yobisi okanye imayile ye-mleczny, iindawo ezinikezela ukutya kwesintu kunye nokukhawuleza ngexabiso elikhulu.

Ufika njani

El Isikhululo senqwelomoya saseJuan Pablo II Ime kwiikhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye ukusuka esixekweni. Yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu ePoland kwaye ifumana iinqwelomoya ezivela kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi. Ukufika eKrakow ukusuka apho uneeteksi, kodwa azibizi.

Endaweni yoko, ungathatha Uloliwe weBalice Express, eyenza uhambo rhoqo kwisiqingatha seyure, ithatha malunga nemizuzu engamashumi amabini kwaye ixabisa nje ii-euro ezimbini. Kukho kwakhona iibhasi ngexabiso elifanayo. Icala elisezantsi kwezi kukuba bathatha ixesha elide, malunga nemizuzu engamashumi amathathu.

Kwelinye icala, ungaya kwisixeko sasePoland ngololiwe, hayi ovela eSpain, kodwa osuka kumbindi weYurophu. Esona sikhululo siphambili UKraków Glówny, ebekwe kakuhle kakhulu, njengoko ikufutshane kakhulu neziko lembali. Oololiwe bafika apho besuka kwezinye iindawo zasePoland naseVienna, eBudapest nasePrague. I-Balice Express evela kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iya kukushiya esikhululweni.

Ekugqibeleni, ECrocovia sesinye sezona zixeko zihle eYurophu. Inembali ebanzi, ilifa elinomtsalane elinqabileyo kunye neendawo ezipholileyo eziza kukukhumbuza ngokudlulileyo kweLizwekazi elidala. Ukuba ukongeza ukutya okumnandi kuyo yonke le nto, uya kubona ukuba kukho izizathu ezoneleyo zokupakisha iibhegi zakho.