Russia inezinto ezininzi izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zembali, Inxulumene kokubini nobukhosi bayo obudlulileyo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo leSoviet. Banomtsalane kubakhenkethi ngokwabo, nganye nganye inxulunyaniswa nenxalenye yembali ende yeli lizwe eyaziwayo ukuba ngumdlali ophambili kwimbali yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
I-Russia ye-tsars yathatha indawo kwi-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics kwaye yena waya kwi-Russian Federation. Ukuba uthanda imbali kunye nobugcisa, ke namhlanje sicebisa uhambo oluya kwezi ndawo zikhethekileyo kunye nolwakhiwo olukhoyo eRashiya.
Ezona zikhumbuzo zembali zerashiya
I-Russia lilizwe elikhulu ngenene ke xa kufikwa kumba wokucinga ngezakhiwo, izakhiwo okanye izikhumbuzo kunzima ukwenza uluhlu, kodwa ucinga ngezona zibalulekileyo, ezibaluleke kakhulu nezona zibalulekileyo, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile okanye ezinye, uluhlu luye lwancitshiswa kunye nokuma okumangalisayo.
Ndihlala ndibethwa ngu Ubugcisa besoviet kunye noyilo. Ubomi bonke, ukusukela ebuntwaneni bam ndikwi-80s xa iiSoviet zazikhathazekile kakhulu ngokubonisa umhlaba amandla kunye nempumelelo yabo ezandleni ezinkulu, ezinkulu, kodwa ingezizo izinto zobunewunewu ezinje ngezo zingxowankulu zabonisa.
Isikhumbuzo sokuqala sembali endikrwelela ngaso ngu Umfuziselo welizwekazi. Ukunyuka kwi IVolgograd kwaye kunjalo mde kuneSitampu seNkululekod ukusuka eNew York. Akayedwa, uyinxalenye yeqela lemifanekiso ebizwa ngokuba yiMamayev Kurgan, ethi iwonga abo bakhusela isixeko saseStalingrad kwimikhosi yaseJamani Ngexesha lemfazwe yesibini (II). bucala ngasekhohlo Ukudibanisa imifanekiso Ihlala kwiihektare ezili-10 kunxweme loMlambo iVolga, kwiNduli iMamaev.
Ngaphandle kwelizwe le-Motherland kukho uMlilo ongunaphakade kunye neLangatye lozuko. Umfanekiso osibizayo namhlanje Ngummeli welizwe labo okanye uloyiso. Ulwakhiwo lwaqala ngo-1959 lwaza lwaphela ngo-1967, lwabuyiselwa amatyeli aliqela ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla.
Yeyiphi imilinganiselo yayo enomdla? Ngaba 85 yeemitha ukuphakama kwaye yakhiwe ngeetoni ezingama-2.400 5.500 zentsimbi kunye nama-33 14 ekhonkrithi. Ikrele eliphakamisa umfanekiso liimitha ezingama-70 ubude kwaye inobunzima beetoni ezili-XNUMX. Ekuqaleni yayenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici kunye neetitanium kodwa yayisesichengeni somoya ngenxa yee-XNUMXs yathathelwa indawo.
Ngelixa ikhonkrithi yomfanekiso ayityebanga kakhulu, hayi ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ezili-30, umfanekiso ngokwawo uxhaswa ngamathambo eentambo zangaphakathi kunye neentambo. Iseti igqityiwe nge- Imyuziyam ibonisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeSoviet ezivela kwiWWII kunye neakhawunti yokungqinga yamaNazi yeStanlingrado. Namhlanje yindawo eyaziwayo kakhulu efumana amawaka otyelelo minyaka le.
Ukuqhubeka nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enkulu esinayo Umsebenzi kunye noMfazi waseKolkhoz. KuseMoscow, kwiZiko leMiboniso lesixeko, kunye nemihla yoku Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-30. Iphantse ibe ziimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama kwaye yenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici. Umbhali wayo ngumfazi ogama linguVera Mújina kwaye ulandela isimbo sika ubunyani bobusoshiyali. Kukho umsebenzi ophethe isando esinyusiweyo kunye nomntu obhinqileyo, umfazi we-kolkhoz okanye umfama wefama ehlangeneyo, nerhengqa. Isando kunye nerhengqa, akukho nto ngaphandle kobusoshiyali bobusoshiyali.
Umzobo wenziwe ngokukodwa kwi-1937 Paris Exhibition kwaye kamva yahombisa umnyango kwiziko lemiboniso eMoscow ixesha elide. Yabuyiselwa ngo-2003 yaze yafakwa kwakhona ngo-2009. Namhlanje iphakame kakhulu kunokuba yayinjalo ngeminyaka yee-30.
Kwakhona eMoscow yi Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuKarl Marx. Kukwiigadi ezincinci ezisezantsi kweTeatralnaya Ploschad kwaye yafunyanwa ngo-1961. "Abasebenzi behlabathi bayamanyana". Ngasemva ngumthombo. Kodwa, ewe, ukuba sithetha ngekomkhulu laseRussia asinakuyihoya EMoscow yesicelo.
I-Kremlin yaseMoscow mhlawumbi yenye yezona zikhumbuzo ezikhenketho esixekweni. Yi iseti yezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni nezenkolo embindini wedolophu kwaye zizonke kukho izindlu zecathedral ezine kunye namabhotwe amane, kunye nodonga. Yindawo yokwazi, ukutyelela kunye nokuncoma. Phakathi kwezakhiwo kunye namabhotwe kukho izikhumbuzo ezimbalwa zokufota Isikhumbuzo sePhulo likaTsar kunye neTsar Cannon.
I-Tsar Cannon inobunzima phantse beetoni ezingama-40 kunye nemilinganiselo ye-5.34 yeemitha. Inobukhulu obuziimilimitha ezingama-890, mhlawumbi lolona hlobo lukhulu emhlabeni. Kubonakala ngathi ayikaze isetyenziswe, kodwa isusela kwixesha likaTsar Fyodor U, unyana kaIvan IV. Inemifanekiso emihle kwaye ingaphakathi kweendonga zeKremlin, kanye ecaleni kwentsimbi enkulu emhlabeni, Ukumkani uKolokol.
Kukhulu, i intsimbi enkulu emhlabeni, ogunyaziswe nguKumkanikazi u-Anne waseRashiya, umtshana kaPeter Omkhulu. Intsimbi yetsar inobunzima obuziitoni ezingama-202 kwaye ingaphezulu nje kweemitha ezintandathu ukuphakama. Yenziwe ngobhedu kunye nemihla ukusuka kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukuqhubeka neMoscow, kuluhlu lwethu lwezikhumbuzo zembali yaseRussia Mausoleum kaLenin. Ulwakhiwo lwenziwa kwi-1924, emva kokubhubha kukaLenin, nalapho ngaphakathi umzimba wakhe ubhencekile yaqholwa. KukwiRed Square kwaye umyili wezakhiwo yayinguAleksei Schúsev. Sisakhiwo esincinci, esakhiwe ngegranite, kwaye sasikwanomzimba kaStalin. Ibihlala ivuliwe, ngaphandle kwamaxesha emfazwe, kwaye namhlanje kungoLwezibini, Lwesithathu, Lwesine nangoMgqibelo. Iikhamera kuphela ngamehlo alundwendwe njengoko ukuthatha imifanekiso akuvumelekanga.
KwiRed Square kukho i- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozarski, oqingqiweyo wobhedu phambi kweCathedral yaseSaint Basil. Khumbula indlela iNkosana uDmitry Pozharsky kunye nomrhwebi uMinin abadibanise ngayo umkhosi wamavolontiya ukukhupha imikhosi edibeneyo ePoland naseLithuania ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Kwakungumfanekiso wokuqala omkhulu kwilizwe.
Esinye isikhumbuzo eMoscow sisePushkin Square, indawo apho isebe laseMcDonal'ds laqala khona ukuvula eRashiya. Inkqubo ye- Isikhumbuzo sePushkin Ivela ngo-1880 kwaye uFyodor Dostoyevsky ngokwakhe wanceda ekunyuseni imali yokwakhiwa kwayo. Yenziwe ngobhedu kwaye isiseko senziwe ngegranite ebomvu. Pushkin wayengumdlali odlalwa Russian, ingqalelo umseki woncwadi lwangoku lwaseRussia.
Ukuba sishiya iMoscow ngasemva kwaye sihambela ubuhle Petersburg Siza kuyifumana I-Bronze Knight, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wamahashe okhumbula umthandi wale dolophu, i-tsar UPeter omkhulu. Ngumfanekiso wobhedu kwaye namhlanje ngumqondiso wesixeko. Lo mfanekiso umi phezu kwelitye, iLitye leNdudumo, kuthiwa lelona litye likhulu lakha lasuswa ngumntu. Kukhulu kwaye bayizisa bevela kwiGulf of Finland.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo yayalelwa nguCatalina la Grande, isiJamani ngokuzalwa kodwa ngubani owayefuna ukwenza ngokusemthethweni njenge-Russian Russian. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1775 kwaye kwathatha iminyaka elishumi elinesibini. Intsomi ithi lo gama uK Knight waseBornce engasuki endaweni yakhe akukho lutshaba luya kuthatha esi sixeko.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezinye ezikhumbuzo zembali zibalaseleyo eRashiyaEminye imvelaphi yobukhosi, eminye imvelaphi yeSoviet. Imbonakalo ethembekileyo kwimbali yelizwe.