Izilwane zase-Australia zehlukile

Esinye sezizathu eziningi ezenza i-Australia ibe yizwe elihehe kangaka ingcebo yalo yemvelo ehlaba umxhwele. I- Izilwane zasendle zase-Australia yakhelwe ingxenye enkulu yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenakutholakala kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Kepha kunencazelo yesayensi yokuba khona kwabaningi futhi okumangazayo imiphefumulo emazweni ase-Australia.

Ukuvela kwezilwane zase-Australia kungenxa ye- izici ezimbili: ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nesimo sezulu. Kuze kube yiminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 izindawo eziyingxenye ye- Australia zamanje zahlanganiswa nezwekazi elikhulu UGondwana (okubandakanya neNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, ne-Antarctica). I-Australia yahlukana nawo wonke umhlaba futhi yahlala yodwa. Ngale ndlela, izilwane nezitshalo kwavela ngokungafani nezimbali nezilwane zomhlaba wonke.

Ngisho nalapho amazwekazi ase-Asia nase-Oceania eshayisana eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu edlule, ukwahlukaniswa kwahlala. Ucingo Ulayini kaWallace, oluqhubeka kulo lonke iziqhingi zase-Austro-Indonesia, luyisithiyo semvelo esivimbele ukuxhumana phakathi kwezilwane ezazikhona esifundeni ngasinye se-zoogeographic.

Umphumela omkhulu wakho konke lokhu ezilwaneni kwaba ukuzalwa, ngokulandelana kwezilwane ezincelisayo, kweqembu lokuziphendukela kwemvelo elihlukile kulo lonke iplanethi: marsupials.

Izilwane zase-Australia: Izilwane ezincelisayo

Izilwane ezincelisayo zase-Australia zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: marsupials y abakwa-placentals. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi abesifazane bakudala banikezwe i- a isikhwama noma isikhwama lapho abancane behlala khona emva kokuzalwa. I-kangaroo, i-koala noma i-Tasmanian Devil yizibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu.

I-Kangaroo

Lapho sicabanga ngezilwane zase-Australia, isithombe se- ikhangaru ukugxuma. Lezi zilwane zinomsila omude nemilenze enemisipha kakhulu ezivumela ukuthi zihambehamba ngokuxhuma okukhulu. Zizilwane ezidla ubhedu futhi ezijwayele ukuba sebusuku. Kunezinhlobo eziningi (i-kangaroo empunga, i-kangaroo ebomvu, i-wallabee, njll).

I-Koala

Ngemuva kwe-kangaroo, ngokungangabazeki isilwane esivelele kunazo zonke e-Australia i-koala. Le marsupial encane edla utshani ihlala emiqhele yezihlahla zikagamthilini, ezinamaqabunga ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko. AmaKoala ahlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yesiqhingi. Izici zabo zomzimba eziyinhloko yizindlebe zabo ezinkulu kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinzwani zezinzipho zabo, ezinezithupha ezimbili eziphikisanayo, ezibavumela ukuba babambelele kahle emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ukuqina kwakhe nokubukeka kwakhe kwe "teddy bear" kumenza athandwe kakhulu yizingane.

UDeveli waseTasmania

Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Australia. Ingumzingeli, isikhohlisi futhi inamandla kakhulu ekuziphatheni. Ukubukeka kwayo kungokwenja encane enoboya obumnyama, enemihlathi emikhulu ekhumbuza impisi. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, ihlala ku- isiqhingi sase-tasmania, yize kwaze kwaphela amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka edlule yayisakazeke yonke indawo e-Australia.

Dingo

Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo zomzimba, kubalulekile ukugqamisa i- dingo, ebizwa nangokuthi Impisi yase-Australia. Kukholakala ukuthi le canid yafika esiqhingini-izwekazi eminyakeni engaba ngu-5.000 XNUMX edlule. Ihlala kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe, ngaphezu kwezinye izifunda zeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Njengoba ziyizimpisi eziningi kunezinja, lezi zilwane azikwazanga ukufuywa. Esinye sezici ezihlukile zomzimba wayo impumlo yayo ende. Lolu hlobo lu nakanjani uzophela, yize kungenzelwa ukushushiswa ngabantu, kepha ngokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo okungenakugwemeka nezinhlobo ezithile ze-canine.

Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezivelele yilezi i-bandicut, igundane elihlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla kanye ne wombat, ebukeka ifana nebhere elincane.

Izilwane zase-Australia: Izinyoni

Phakathi kwezinyoni zase-Australia, ubuningi bezinhlobo ze upholi kanye nezinyoni ezincane zehlathi njenge robin wase-Australia noma i inyoni yehayili. Kukhona nezinyoni ezibalulekile ezidla njengezinkozi ezinesibindi. Futhi phakathi kwezinyoni zasolwandle, izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezine- ivuba lase-Australia futhi i penguin oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuwukuphela kohlobo lwephengwini elidla ogwini lwase-Australia.

Bafanelwe isigaba esikhethekile izinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza, ezinye ezinkulu. I- emu Yinyoni yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, idlulwa kuphela intshe ngosayizi. Naye, angakwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. I-emus yabantu abadala ingalinganisa kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-130 futhi ibe nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-40 kg. Izimpaphe zalo zimpunga.Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700.000 ezihlakazeke ezweni lonke.

Ama-Amphibians, izinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zezilwane zase-Australia

I-mosaic ekhangayo yezilwane zase-Australia igcwaliswa yizinhlobo eziningi zama-amphibian (ikakhulukazi amaxoxo ezihlahla) Nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kokugcina, kufanele ukugqamisa ubuningi bezinhlobo ze- izinyoka anobuthi, kanye nezinyoka nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlungu. Futhi nasemaphethelweni ase-Australia kuhlala izinhlobo eziningana ze- ufudu (ufudu, luhlaza, lute nokunye). I- izibankwa nazo ziningi kakhulu. Ukusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo zemvelo kuyadingeka ukuthi usho moloch, the isigcilikisha esikhulu noma i isibankwa esinolimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izimo zokuphefumula nazo zivamile phakathi izinhlanzi zase-Australia, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala emifuleni nasemachibini ezwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zasolwandle cishe ziyafana nalezo ezitholakala emanzini aseNingizimu Asia nakunoma yisiphi esinye isifunda sePacific Ocean.

I-platypus

Ekugcineni, uhlobo oluthi, ngenxa yokwehluka kwalo, lufanelwe isahluko esehlukile: the lindokuhle. Kuchazwe kaningi njengesinye sezilwane eziyinqaba emhlabeni. Empeleni limelela kakhulu iqembu lezilwane elibiziwe ukuzimela, ezabelana ngezici zezilwane ezincelisayo nezihuquzelayo. Isibonelo: banezinwele kepha ukuzala kwabo kungama-oviparous (bazalela amaqanda). Kunezinye izinhlobo zama-monotremes, kepha azikho ezihlukile njengalezi.

Phakathi kokunye okuhlukile, i-platypus inobuthi, inempumu esesimweni sedada, umsila wayo ufana nowebhova futhi imilenze yayo ifana neye-otter. Ngesikhathi sokuqala imodeli egxishiwe yalesi silwane ifika eYurophu, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungumbombayi.

Kunoma ikuphi, kuyisilwane esithandwa kakhulu ngabantu base-Australia (sivela ngisho nakuhlamvu lwemali lwamasenti angama-20), nalo olujabulela ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.