Uma sicabanga ngeCuba zifika engqondweni I-Varadero, iMalecón edumile yaseHavana noma imigwaqo yayo egcwele izimoto zakudala, kepha kuyaqabukela ukuthi singene kulokho ngisho namasiko amsulwa ahlasela amanye amakhona we isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eCaribbean.
Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu sakhiwe ekwakhiweni okwaziwa njenge bohíos, igama elinikezwe indlu ejwayelekile yamaTaino eCuba yakhiwa ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweColombia. Ingabe sikhosela ngaphansi kophahla lodaka nesundu? Futhi uma kungenzeka, ku-hammock kakotini?
ICuba: isiko lezindlu zaseTaino
Ngaphambi ukufika kukaChristopher Columbus eCuba nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean ngo-1492, isiqhingi se-habanos ne-mojitos sase sitholakele kakade yilabo ababizwa ngokuthi UTaínos, amadoda avela eNingizimu Melika ngomlomo woMfula i-Orinoco, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-4.500 XNUMX edlule. AmaTainos awafinyelelanga eziqhingini ezinjengeBahamas kuphela, kodwa futhi asabalalela naseGreater Antilles, lapho iCuba ingeyayo, kanye namaLittle Antilles.
Ngemuva kokufika kwabo, amaTainos athola ukuthi izilwane nezimbali zaseCuba zihluke kakhulu kunalezo zehlathi lase-Amazon: kwakunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi ayisithupha ezihlukene zemithi yesundu, amasimu ekhofi kanye namahlamvu ehlathi kwathathelwa indawo amabhishi, izintaba, amagquma kanye amathafa. ahlele ngokuphelele amathuba okuhlala kule ndawo entsha.
Ngale ndlela, abafikayo baqala ukwakha amakhaya abo ngenxa yezinto ezintsha, okwaholela eqhugwaneni elijwayelekile laseTaino Cuba elaziwa njenge-bohío. Izindlwana ezilula ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nokhuni namaqabunga akhiwe ngokukhethekile emthini wasebukhosini. AmaTaínos asungula izindawo zabo zokuhlala ngohlelo oluyindilinga, olwakhiwe ngezingodo eziqinile kakhulu nemishayo ukuze isakhiwo sikwazi ukumelana nemimoya engenamandla yaseCaribbean. Ngokulandelayo, umhlanga namaqabunga esundu kwakusetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izindonga, izakhi zazo ezaziboshwe nemivini.
Yize ungenawo amawindi, amaqhugwane ayenomoya omncane omuhle kwazise izinto zemvelo ezisetshenzisiwe bezintsha futhi zivumela ukujuluka okungcono. Uphahla lwendlu lwakhiwe ngama-yaguas ahlanganisiwe nodaka, ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi ngezikhathi zemvula. Mayelana nengaphakathi, amaqhugwane ayenezigxobo okwakulenga kuzo iziphandla ezilukiwe ngokotini. Vele, indawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke kwakungeyenkosi (noma inkosi) yesizwe.
Amaqhugwane ayesebenza njengendawo yokulala, ukulala kancane noma ukululama ngesikhathi sokugula, ngoba abakwaTaínos babechitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi eqhugwaneni bekungekho lutho noma ezinye izinto ngaphandle kwesihlalo sokhuni esinemilenze emine esaziwa nangokuthi i-dujo, imikhumbi noma iziqukathi, ezinye izinto zenkolo nezikhali.
Yize kunjalo ukuthi ekuqaleni izindlu zazizindilinga futhi zinophahla oluyindilinga, kuphinde kwenzeka ukuthi babe nesimo esingunxande esasekelwa ngaphansi kophahla lwe-gabled, kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamakholoni okwasetshenziswa phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu ngemuva kokufika kukaChristopher Columbus ngo-1492.
Eqinisweni, iqhugwane lalizosetshenziswa ngezikhathi zamakholoni ukugcina izigqila zaseCaribbean zihlola, yena owaqala ukuhlala hhayi nezigqila ezazilethwe zivela e-Afrika kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-coolies aseChina. Kwakumayelana nokusizakala ngokwakhiwa abakutholayo, ngoba zombili izimila nezinto zokwakha zazihluke kakhulu kwezaseYurophu.
Iqhugwana elingunxande nalo lizogqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwamabhalekisi adumile, ukwakhiwa okuphumelele kakhulu eBrazil ephethe izigqila kodwa eCuba bekukhawulelwe ekubeni yindawo yokugcina abanikazi bekhofi. Kwakungekho namabhalekisi amaningi kangako, ngoba ukwakhiwa kwawo, okususelwa ekwakhiweni kwamatshe nakwizinto ezibiza kakhulu, kwakungalingani kwizabelomali zabanye abaphathi nabanini mhlaba, ngakho iqhugwane laba yindlela enhle yokugcina izigqila, ikakhulukazi iTaíno ababezoqhubeka nayo ukuhlala ndawonye kwezinye izingxenye zesiqhingi saseCuba kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Vakashela ikhaya leTaino eCuba
Uma uhambela eCuba, thola izintelezi zayo zamasiko ezingaphezu kokujwayelekile okuvelele ezokuvakasha ziyisidingo, ekubeni ILos bohíos isibonelo esihle salelo Cuba lobuzwe, lokhokho kanye nelomdabu esasinda kwezinye izingxenye zesiqhingi.
Okwamanje, ingxenye yaseCuba enezindlwana eziphakeme kunazo zonke ihambelana nengxenye esempumalanga yesiqhingi, ikakhulukazi eBaracoa, indawo eyayisebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi kweCuba neHispaniola (iHaiti neDominican Republic) ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweColombia kanye nezamakholoni.
Kule ndawo abantu basakhuluma ngayo Iqhawe laseTaíno uHatuey, owaziwa njengeFirst Rebelde del Caribe kanti amaqhugwane avela eceleni kwezihlahla zesundu, okuyisibonelo sezindlu ezitholakale eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokuzivumelanisa kwayo kahle nesiqhingi esinomswakama esihlaselwe yiziphepho nezimvula ezishisayo. Ama-huts angazange akhohlwe okushiwo yizikhathi zakudala futhi nokufihla kwawo okuphelele ngezindawo ezishisayo kubenza babe nezindawo mhlawumbe okungelula kangako ukuzibona ekuqaleni.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungahlala uqondiswa yilelo lifu lentuthu elinika umnikazi weqhugwane elipheka ikhofi lokuqala ekuseni.