I-La Habana, inhlokodolobha edumile nenempilo ye Cuba, idolobha elaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Okungaziwa kangako imvelaphi yegama layo, okunezinkolelo-mbono eziningana. Kungani iHavana ibizwa kanjalo? Siyakuchazela ngale migqa elandelayo.
Okokuqala, kufanele ubuyele emuva emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka emlandweni, kuze kube umzuzu wokuzalwa komuzi. IHavana yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1514, ngokuba ngelinye lamadolobha okuqala eSpain eNew World. Igama lokuqala kwakungu- USaint Christopher waseHavana, ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngokucacile ingxenye yesibili yaleli gama lendawo. Ukwengeza ukudideka okuningi, emabalazweni nasemibhalweni yomlando kubonakala kubhalwe ngezindlela ezahlukene: Havana, Abana, Havana ...
Kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX kubukeka sengathi kwavunyelwana ngokuqanjwa kwaleli dolobha, kushiya igama leHavana (elino- "b") liqinisiwe.
Futhi iSan Cristóbal? Ngalo mqondo akungabazeki okuncane: kubhekiswa kukho USanta Christopher waseLcia, umfel 'ukholo owenziwa umhlatshelo ngesikhathi kushushiswa amaKristu ezikhathini zasendulo zamaRoma. Isiko lisitshela ukuthi lo ngcwele wasiza ingane ukuba iwele umfula, okwakuzomvezela kamuva ukuthi wayenguKristu uqobo. Ngalesi sizathu, iSan Cristóbal ingcwele yabavikeli nabahambi.
Eminyakeni yayo yokuqala, iHavana yayiyisiqalo nokufika kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabahambi, abathengisi nabahambi, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwaleli gama kwakungaphezu kokufanele.
IHaana: imibono yemvelaphi yegama layo
Imibono yokuzama ukuzama ukuchaza umsuka wegama lenhlokodolobha yaseCuba yiyona ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Impela enye yazo ilungile, kepha cishe akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi.
Isiko lamaTaino
Ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi, igama elithi "Havana" kungaba igama elithi inkohlakalo i-savannayini ngaphakathi ulimi lwe-taíno (leyo abomdabu abakhuluma ngayo ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseSpain) ingasho ukuthi "inkangala". Kuthiwa ibibizwa kanjalo-ke indawo eseningizimu yeHavana neMatanza, okuyithafa elikhulu.
AmaTainos, izifiki zabomdabu baseCuba
Enye inkolelo, evikelwe yisazi-mlando saseCuba U-Eusebio Leal Spengler, uvikela ukuthi igama lomuzi livela kulelo le I-Habaguanex, i-cacique enamandla eyayizobusa ezindaweni lapho leli dolobha limi khona namhlanje eminyakeni eyandulela ukunqotshwa kweSpain.
Njengokulangazelela, kufanele sicaphune ithisisi ewubuciko yolimi ebeka imvelaphi yegama leHavana egameni lesiJalimane Haven, okusho ukuthi itheku. Umbono wehla ngesizathu esilula: ayikho imibhalo noma ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuba khona esiqhingini sabahloli bamaJalimane noma baseNordic, ngisho nama-Anglo-Saxons, ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish.
Izinganekwane zasendulo
Mhlawumbe incazelo yemvelaphi yegama leHavana itholakala kokunye kokuningi izinganekwane zendawo labo abazalwa ngesikhathi sokunqoba. Izazi-mlando eziningi nezifundiswa aziziniki ukwethembeka okuningi, kepha noma kunjalo kufanele ukuthi zazi.
Okudume kunakho konke, okungenani ngaphakathi kweCuba, yindaba ka I-India Guara. Le ntokazi yathandana nomnqobi waseSpain, owayengamyenga ukuba athole imininingwane yamasu kuye: indawo yokuhlala yomdabu eyayifihlwe ehlathini ngaleso sikhathi eyayihlanganisa indawo lapho iHavana imi khona namhlanje.
UGuara walibona iphutha lakhe sekwephuze kakhulu, lapho ebona abanqobi behlasela idolobha futhi bebulala abantu khona. Ezizwa enecala, uGuara wahlanya waziphonsa emlilweni. Lapho bebona indawo yesehlakalo, abasindile enhlekeleleni bazophindaphinda igama elithi "abana", elisho ukuthi ngolimi lwesi-Aruaca "uyahlanya".
Enye inganekwane, edabukisayo futhi inegazi kuneyangaphambilini, iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhumbi yokuqala ebambelela ngaphambi kwalokhu namuhla i-boardwalk yathumela uchungechunge lwezikebhe ezweni elikhulu. Lapho befika ogwini, intombazane enhle yaseNdiya ebabazisayo yababingelela isencotsheni yedwala elikhulu. AbaseSpain bambuza igama laleyo ndawo, lapho owesifazane waseNdiya, esakaza izingalo zakhe sengathi ufuna ukuhlanganisa yonke indawo, waphendula ngegama elilodwa: "Havana," ngaphambi kokunyamalala phambi kwamehlo abo ukuze bangaphinde babonwe.
IHavana, inhlokodolobha yaseCuba, esithombeni samanje
IHavana ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish
Yize kunokungabaza ngalokhu, kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi usuku lokusungulwa kweHavana kunguNovemba 16, 1514, lapho ukugubha imisa lokuqala kwenzeka edolobheni elisanda kusungulwa. Kepha empeleni umlando wale ndawo mdala kakhulu futhi, ngeshwa, akwaziwa kangako.
Indawo yakuqala yomuzi waseNdiya owandulela idolobha lamakoloni nayo ayaziwa, kuze kube manje ayikho insalela yomlando etholakele ukuyifakazela.
Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi zinobufakazi obanele bokuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokuqala yaseSpain, etholakala endaweni efanayo nedolobha lomdabu, ikhona amakhilomitha ambalwa eningizimu yesiza samanje seHavana. Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala sashiywa ngokuqhubekayo futhi idolobha "lahamba" phakathi nawo wonke amashumi eminyaka okuqala empilo yalo laya endaweni eseduze ne Umfula i-Almendares.
Okwamanje, lokhu kungukucabanga nje. Uma kwakukhona iHavana ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanishi, kusafihliwe emehlweni ethu.