Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I, umhlaba wanyakazisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokungqubuzana phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yaseYurophu yangaleso sikhathi. Isizinda senkinga besisedolobheni lase Tangier, lapho umlando wanamuhla ubize khona Inkinga yokuqala yaseMorocco, phakathi kuka-1905 no-1906.
Ukuqonda konke okwenzekile phakathi kukaMashi 1905 noMeyi 1906 azungeze idolobha laseTangier, umuntu kumele azi ukuthi umongo wesimo sendawo ngaleso sikhathi wawuyini. EYurophu, nangokunwetshwa emhlabeni wonke, kwaba nesimo esishubile samazwe omhlaba phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu. Bayibiza ngokuthi Ukuthula Okuhlomile. Indawo yokuzalanisa efanelekile yempi enkulu eyayizokwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nje kamuva.
Ngaleyo minyaka UK naseFrance wayenze umfelandawonye owaziwa ngegama lika I-Entente Cordiale. Umgomo wezangaphandle wala mazwe wawususelwa ekuzameni ukuhlukanisa Alemania yemikhakha yethonya yamazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ngaphakathi kwalo mdlalo, ngoJanuwari 1905 iFrance yayikwazile ukufaka ithonya layo ku sultan wemorocco. Lokhu kukhathaze kakhulu amaJalimane, abheka ngokukhathazeka ukuthi izimbangi zawo zizilawula kanjani zombili izindlela zokuya eMedithera. Ngakho-ke Shansela Von Bülow Uthathe isinqumo sokungenelela, ekhuthaza uSultan ukuthi amelane nengcindezi yamaFrance futhi amqinisekise ngokuxhaswa yiReich Reich.
UKaiser uvakashela iTangier
Kukhona usuku lokusetha ukuqala kweNkinga Yokuqala yaseMorocco: Mashi 31, 1905, nini UKaiser Wilhelm II uvakashela uTangier ngokumangala. AmaJalimane amisa imikhumbi yawo enamandla ethekwini, enza umbukiso wamandla. Abezindaba baseFrance bamemezele ngokuqinile ukuthi lesi yisenzo sokucasula.
UKaiser Wilhelm II
Bebhekene nokugula okwandayo kweFrance nabalingani bayo, amaJalimane ahlongoza ukuba kubanjwe ingqungquthela yamazwe omhlaba ukuze kutholakale isivumelwano ngeMorocco futhi, ngokwenzekile, nakwezinye izindawo eziseNyakatho Afrika. AbaseBrithani bawenqaba lo mbono, kodwa iFrance, ngongqongqoshe bayo bangaphandle UTéophile Delcassé, bavumile ukuxoxa ngalolu daba. Kodwa-ke izingxoxo zachithwa lapho iJalimane izibeka ngokusobala ngokuthanda inkululeko yaseMorocco.
Usuku lwengqungquthela lwalubekelwe uMeyi 28, 1905, kepha akekho noyedwa kulawo magunya abizwayo owaphendula kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseBrithani nabaseMelika banquma ukuthumela imikhumbi yabo yempi eTangier. Isimo sashuba.
Ungqongqoshe omusha wezangaphandle waseFrance, UMaurice Rouvier, wabe eseveza ithuba lokuxoxisana namaJalimane ukuze kugwenywe impi engaphezulu kokungenzeka. Womabili la mazwe ayeqinise ubukhona bawo bezempi emingceleni yawo, futhi nethuba lokulwa ngokuphelele lalingaphezu kokuqinisekile.
Ingqungquthela ye-Algeciras
Inkinga yokuqala yaseMorocco yahlala ingaxazululiwe ngenxa ye- izikhundla eziqhubeka nokubhekana phakathi kweJalimane nalabo okwathi eminyakeni ezayo baba yizitha zayo zesikhathi esizayo. Ikakhulukazi abaseBrithani, ababezimisele ukusebenzisa umbutho wamasosha ukumisa umkhankaso wokunweba weReich. AmaFulentshi, ayesaba ukuhlulwa empini yezempi namaJalimane emhlabathini waseYurophu, ayengalwi kangako.
Ekugcineni, nangemva kwemizamo eminingi yokubonisana, i Ingqungquthela ye-Algeciras. Leli dolobha lakhethwa ngoba liseduze nendawo engqubuzanayo futhi liyindawo engathathi hlangothi, noma kunjalo España ngaleso sikhathi yayimiswe kancane ohlangothini lwaseFranco-British.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo ezinethonya eMorocco ngokusho kweNgqungquthela ye-Algeciras yango-1906
Izizwe eziyi-XNUMX zibambe iqhaza kule ngqungquthela: uMbuso waseJalimane, uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungarian, i-United Kingdom, iFrance, uMbuso waseRussia, uMbuso waseSpain, i-United States, uMbuso wase-Italy, iSultanate yaseMorocco, iNetherlands, uMbuso waseSweden, iPortugal, iBelgium kanye noMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Ngamafuphi, amandla amakhulu omhlaba kanye namanye amazwe abambe iqhaza ngqo embuzweni waseMorocco.
Ukuphela Kwenkinga Yokuqala yaseMorocco
Ngemuva kwezingxoxo izinyanga ezintathu, ngo-Ephreli 17 Umthetho we-Algeciras. Ngalesi sivumelwano, iFrance yakwazi ukugcina ithonya layo eMorocco, yize yayithembisa ukwenza izinguquko eziningana kule ndawo. Iziphetho ezisemqoka zengqungquthela kube yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukudalwa eMorocco kwesivikelo sesiFulentshi kanye nesivikelo esincane saseSpain (kuhlukaniswe kwaba izingxenye ezimbili, enye iningizimu yezwe enye enyakatho), kamuva efakwe ku Isivumelwano SaseFez of 1912.
- Ukusungulwa kwesimo esikhethekile seTangier njengedolobha lomhlaba jikelele.
- IJalimane ilahla noma yisiphi isimangalo sendawo eMorocco.
Eqinisweni, ingqungquthela ye-Algeciras yaphela ngesinyathelo sokubuyela emuva esivela eJalimane, amandla aso asolwandle ngokusobala ayengaphansi kwalawo aseBrithani. Noma kunjalo, Inkinga yokuqala yaseMorocco yavalwa ngamanga nokungagculiseki kwamaJalimane kwaveza isimo esisha esibucayi ngo-1911. Ngezinye izikhathi indawo yesehlakalo yayingeyona iTangier, Agadir, isimo esisha sokungezwani kwamazwe omhlaba esaziwa nge-Second Moroccan Crisis.