Okuvelele kumlando waseNorway

Ngokusemthethweni, i- Umlando waseNorway Kuqala ngonyaka we-872 AD, unyaka wokusungulwa kombuso. Kodwa-ke, umlando wayo ubuyela emuva kakhulu emuva ngesikhathi, kusuka ku-Prehistory kuze kube namuhla.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizobuyekeza izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu nezehlakalo emlandweni walesi sizwe saseScandinavia.

Isisekelo soMbuso WaseNorway (872)

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD abantu ababehlala eSenhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia base bevele bekhombisile ukuthi bangamaqhawe anolaka kanye namatilosi angongoti, ngaleyo ndlela beqala inkathi Ukuhlasela kwamaViking.

AmaViking (noma amaNorman) ahlwanyela ukwesaba emaphethelweni alo lonke elaseYurophu, kusukela eBritish Isles kuya eMedithera, aze anwelela nasenkabeni yeRussia. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zabo abavela kuzo babehlukaniswe futhi ngokuqhubekayo babephikisana.

Konke kushintshe sibonga isibalo se UHarald I waseNorway, obizwa nangokuthi "Harald the Fair" noma "Harald the Blond." Lo mholi wamaViking uqale uchungechunge lwezimpi nemindeni engomakhelwane. Ngemuva kokunqoba kwemikhumbi yezempi ku- impi yehafrsfjord Ngo-872, wasungula i- Umbuso wenorway, ezabe zisakazeka kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu zeNorway neSweden.

IKalmar Union (1389)

La IKalmar Union kwakungumzuzu wobukhazikhazi obukhulu bemibuso yaseScandinavia.

UMargaritaIndodakazi yeNkosi yaseSweden, waba yiNdlovukazi yaseNorway ngo-1372 ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, iNkosi uHaakon VI, kwathi kamuva waba yiNdlovukazi yaseDenmark ngemuva kokushona ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwendodana yakhe u-Olaf, indlalifa efanele esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa imiqhele emibili ngaphansi kwegunya lakhe, akazange anqikaze ukuqinisa amalungelo akhe esihlalweni sobukhosi saseSweden. Abasekeli bakhe kwadingeka babhekane nabezempi nabalandeli balowo owayefuna ukubusa, u-Albert waseMecklenburg, abahlula impi yabo bonke (1389).

Ukuhlanganiswa kwale mibuso emithathu kwaba yimizimba ngokusayina kwe IKalmar Union. Umbuso omusha wahlanganisa umhlaba wonke waseScandinavia: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland kanye neFaroe Islands.

Ubusuku beminyaka engama-400

ISweden ishiye iKalmar Union ngo-1523, yize iNorway neDenmark behlala bemunye kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Noma kunjalo, kule nyunyana ENorway futhi izakhamizi zakhona zashiywa zisezingeni eliphansi ngokubheka i-Denmark. Eqinisweni, inhlokodolobha yasungulwa eCopenhagen.

Lesi sikhathi sokwehla sithathe cishe amakhulu amane eminyaka, yingakho saziwa emlandweni waseNorway ngokuthi 'Ubusuku beminyaka engama-400'.

Ngo-1814, ngemuva kwezimpi zikaNapoleon ezacekela phansi izwekazi elidala, i- Izivumelwano zaseVienna lapho iDenmark yahluleka ukulawula iNorway. Kodwa-ke, izwe alibuyisanga inkululeko yalo, kepha ladlulela ezandleni zaseSweden.

Ukuzimela kweNorway (1905)

Imizwa kazwelonke yaseNorway yathuthuka kancane kancane phakathi nekhulu le-1905 njengoba ukwenqaba umqhele waseSweden kwakhula. Yize bekuneziqephu ezithile ezinodlame nezikhathi zokungezwani, inkinga ayizange ikhule futhi ekugcineni yaxazululwa ngokuthula ngo-XNUMX ngokubizwa kwenhlangano ukuvuma.

Ngale ndlela, abaseNorway bangakhetha ngokukhululeka ikusasa labo futhi babheje ekusungulweni kobukhosi babo. Inkosi entsha, IHaakon VII, wakhethwa yiPhalamende laseNorway. Kwakuwukuzalwa kwezwe lanamuhla laseNorway, ubukhosi basephalamende kanye nombuso onenhloko-dolobha e-Oslo.

INorway phakathi neMpi Yezwe II (1940-45)

Ngaphandle kokuthi iNorway yazimemezela njengezwe elingathathi hlangothi ekuqaleni kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, ngo-1940 iJalimane lamaNazi lahlasela izwe ngethemba lokuthi ekugcineni uzojoyina ama-Allies.

Ukuhlasela kwakushesha kakhulu, ngoba usizo oluncane lwezempi abantu baseNorway abaluthola kwabaseBrithani lwalunganele. I- umsebenzi waseJalimane eNorway yaqhubeka yaze yafika ngoMeyi 1945. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwavela inhlangano yangaphakathi yokulwa, eholwa yiNkosi uHaakon VII uqobo.

Ngemuva kwempi, iNorway yathola inkululeko futhi yabamba iqhaza kwezombusazwe zamazwe omhlaba, yabambisana ekwakheni i-UN futhi yajoyina i-NATO ngo-1948.

ENorway namuhla

Ingcebo etholakala ku- ukuxhashazwa kwama-hydrocarbon (uwoyela negesi) oLwandle lwaseNorway neNorth Sea bawushintshe kakhulu umnotho wezwe. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka iNorway yasuka ekubeni nomnotho onesizotha osuselwa ekudobeni nasekulimeni yaba yinto elinye lamazwe achuma kakhulu eYurophu.

INorway isungule uhlelo lwezepolitiki nolwezenhlalo olutuswa cishe yizwe lonke emhlabeni. Isibonelo sokuthi kungenzeka ukufeza izinhloso ezimbili zokuchuma kwezomnotho kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo.