Siyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngamaViking, umlando wawo kanye nokuzidela okukhulu, futhi namuhla kufanele sinikezele ukungena i- "Greek Runes", iqoqo lamathebulethi amatshe lapho uhambo nemicimbi ehlobene neqembu le- Unogada waseVarangian owayenza inkonzo yoMbuso WaseByzantium.
Kutholakale endaweni yaseSweden yanamuhla, ubudlelwane namaViking nomlando waseDenmark kanye nokuqala kwala maqembu kukhuluma nathi ngomqondo omkhulu womphakathi, amaningi ala maqembu avela esifundeni samazwe "aseScandinavia" futhi kamuva Basakazeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeYurophu.
Igama lama-runes Kususelwa ekuveleni kwamagama iGrisi (iGrikkland) kanye nesiGriki (iGrikk (j) ar) aphindaphindwa cishe izikhathi eziyi-18 ezibhebheni.
Ngenkathi i amaqhawe aseScandinavia Babesebenze njengamasosha amaRoma kusukela ezikhathini ezingaphambi kokuvuka kwamaViking, uMbuso WaseByzantium wawususungule iqembu eliphakeme kakhulu lebutho lawo, elakhiwa ikakhulukazi amaqhawe aseVarangian, avela eSweden, eDenmark naseNorway.
Ama-runes amaningi anikezelwe kumaqhawe noma amayunithi angabuyanga, kepha asebenza njengesiqephu sokuhlaziya izazi-mlando nezazi zakudala.