Ngasenyakatho komngcele ophakathi kweGibhithe neSudan yi Idamu i-Aswan. Lidamu elikhulu lamanzi aqhekekayo elithatha umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, uMfula iNayile.Ledamu, elaziwa nge-Saad el Aali ngesi-Arabhu, laqedwa ngo-1970 ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yokusebenza.
IGibhithe ibilokhu ixhomeke njalo emanzini oMfula iNayile.Imithombo emibili emikhulu yoMfula iNayile yiWhite Nile neBlue Nile.
Imithombo ye-White Nile Sobat yi-Bahr al-Jabal (The "Nile Mountain") neBlue Nile iqala ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Ethiopia. Le micikilisho emibili ihlangana eKhartoum, inhlokodolobha yaseSudan, lapho yakha khona uMfula iNayile.UMfula iNile unobude obuphelele bamakhilomitha angu-4.160 (6695 km) ukusuka emthonjeni kuya olwandle.
Izikhukhula zeNayile
Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwedamu e-Aswan, iGibhithe lahlangabezana nezikhukhula zaminyaka yonke ezivela eMfuleni iNayile ezabeka amathani ayizigidi ezine enhlabathi enothe ngomsoco eyenza umkhiqizo wezolimo usebenze.
Le nqubo yaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi eyedlule ngaphambi kokuba impucuko yaseGibhithe iqale eNile River Valley, futhi yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho kwakhiwa idamu lokuqala lika-Aswan ngo-1889. Leli damu lalingenele ukugcina amanzi eNayile futhi lakhiwa ngo-1912 nango-1933. Ngo-1946 , ingozi yangempela ivezwe ngenkathi amanzi echibini efinyelela phezulu edamini.
Ngo-1952, uhulumeni wesikhashana woMkhandlu Wenguquko waseGibhithe wanquma ukwakha iDamu i-Aswan, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha ayisithupha ukusuka edamini elidala. Ngo-1954, iGibhithe yafaka izicelo zokubolekwa imali kwiBhange Lomhlaba ukusiza ukukhokhela izindleko zedamu (eligcine lifinyelela ezigidigidini zamadola).
Ekuqaleni, i-United States yavuma ukuboleka imali yaseGibhithe, kodwa yabe isihoxisa isithembiso sayo ngezizathu ezingaziwa okungenzeka ukuthi abanye babecabanga ukuthi kwakungenxa yengxabano eyayiphakathi kuka-Israyeli neGibhithe. I-United Kingdom, iFrance kanye ne-Israel bahlasela i-Egypt ngo-1956, ngemuva nje kokuthi iGibhithe yenze iNational Suez Canal ukusiza ukukhokhela idamu.