Wake wezwa ngodrako? Impela uyakwenza, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ubudala futhi uhlala eYurophu. I- i-drachm kwakuyimali esetshenziswe kaningi eGrisi, kwaze kwafika i-euro, ngo-2001. Inomlando omude kakhulu futhi othakazelisayo futhi kufanele ukuthi ibe ngenye yezimali ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, ngakho-ke namuhla sizokwazi ezinye izahluko yalolu hambo.
Idrakma ibuyela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, kodwa ungadideki njengoba ingasetshenziswanga ngokuqhubekayo. Yebo kunjalo, kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-XNUMX izinhlobo ezintathu zesimanje yedrarhma ivele ezweni, kwaze kwathi ekugcineni iGrisi yaba yingxenye ye-European Union futhi yabelana ngemali namanye amazwe e-bloc.
Idrarhma yasendulo
Indaba ye drakema singayihlukanisa kabili, idrarhma lasendulo nedrarhma yesimanje. Livelaphi igama? Kubonakala sengathi lona kanye igama lohlamvu lwemali luhlobene nalokho okungabanjwa ngesandla, drokuhle, noma okungenani yilokho okunye okubhalwe ezibhebheni zakudala, kusukela ngonyaka ka-1100 BC, okukhulunywa ngeziduku zensimbi eziyisithupha (ithusi, ithusi noma insimbi), ezibizwa ngokulandelana obolo.
Isikhathi ngemuva yaba yisilinganiso sesiliva sezinhlamvu zemali eziningi ezazenziwe amaGrikhi asendulo. Kamuva, uhlamvu ngalunye lwemali lwaba negama lalo kuye ngokuthi lwaluse-Athene noma eKorinte, ngokwesibonelo. Yebo, idolobha ngalinye lalinemali yalo enophawu lwayo futhi ukulingana phakathi kwabo kwanikezwa ubuningi nekhwalithi yensimbi ngawo zenziwa.
Phakathi kwamadolobha asendulo abesebenzisa idrarhma kukhona I-Alexandria, iKorinte, i-Efesu, iKos, iNaxos, iSparta, iSirakuse, iTroy ne-Athene, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Ngesinye isikhathi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC uhlamvu lwemali lwase-Athene olwaziwa ngokuthi idrarhma ezine lwalwaziwa kabanzi futhi lusetshenziswa. Sikhuluma ngaphambi kuka-Alexander Omkhulu.
Idrarhma yenziwa ngezisindo ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngesinti esabamba iqhaza kule nqubo. I- okujwayelekiler, nokho, eyagcina idumile, kwakungukuthi I-4.3 amagremu, isetshenziswe kakhulu e-Attica nase-Athens.
Kamuva, ihambisana nokunqoba nokunqoba kuka-Alexander the Great, idrarhma lawela imingcele futhi sasetshenziswa emibusweni ehlukahlukene yamaGreki. Eqinisweni, kuyaziwa ukuthi imali yama-Arabhu, i- Dirham, lithola igama lalo kusuka kudrarhma. Iyafana imali yase-Armenia, i- idrama.
Yize ukukwazi namuhla ukubaluleka kwedrarhma yasendulo kunzima kakhulu (ukuhweba, ukuthengisa, umnotho akufani), abanye bazibeka engcupheni bathi idrarhma yekhulu lesi-46.50 BC lalingaba ngama- $ 2015 ngenani lika-XNUMX. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iqiniso ukuthi njengoba kunjalo nangezimali zamanje, amadrakma afanayo bekungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi aphile noma ondle umndeni.
Izingxenyana neziphindaphindwe zedrarhma nazo zakhiwa emazweni amaningi. Isibonelo, eGibhithe lamaPtolemy kwakukhona pentadrachmas y octho. Ngakho-ke, ngokufingqa, singasho ukuthi isisindo sedrarhma yakudala yesiliva sasizungeze ama-gram angu-4.3 (yize ayehluka ukusuka edolobheni kuya esifundazweni). Nayo ihlukaniswe yaba ama-obols ayisithupha ka-0.72 amagremu, ahlukaniswa aba yizinhlamvu zemali ezine ezincane zika-0.18 gram naphakathi kwamamilimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-5 ububanzi.
Idrarhma yesimanje
Idrarhma endala, enegama lakhe elikhulu nelinamandla, wabuyiselwa empilweni yamaGrikhi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-1832, ngo-XNUMX, ngemuva nje kokusungulwa kombuso. Yahlukaniswa yaba yi-100 i-lepta, ezinye zethusi nezinye zesiliva, futhi kwakukhona uhlamvu lwemali lwedrarhma lwangu-20 olwalunama-5.8 amagremu ale nsimbi eyigugu.
Ngo-1868 iGrisi ijoyina iLatin Monetary Union, uhlelo olwahlanganisa izimali eziningana zaseYurophu zaba yinye, ezisetshenziswa amazwe angamalungu, futhi ezaqhubeka zisebenza kwaze kwaba ngu-1927. Kusukela yajoyina leli qembu idrarhma yaba yisisindo nenani elilinganayo ne-franc yaseFrance.
Kodwa le Latin Monetary Union yawa eMpini Yokuqala nangemva kwalolo dweshu, e IRiphabhlikhi entsha uHelena, ezinye izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha zenziwa. Futhi kwenzekeni ngamathikithi? Ama-Banknotes akhishwe yiNational Bank of Greece kwasatshalaliswa phakathi kuka-1841 no-1928 bese iBhange laseGrisi liqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo kusuka ngo-1928 kuya ku-2001 umzuzwana lapho i-euro ingena endaweni yesehlakalo.
Kodwa yini eyayikhona ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngaphambi kwedrarhma? Uhlamvu lwemali olubiziwe EPhoenix, eyethulwa ngemuva nje kokuthi izwe lithole inkululeko kuMbuso WaseTurkey. Kwakungo-1832 lapho i-phoenix ishintshwa khona yidrarhma ehlotshiswe ngomfanekiso weNkosi u-Oto waseGrisi, inkosi yokuqala yanamuhla yamaGrikhi.
Njengoba kujwayele ukwenzeka lapho kukhona ukwehla kwamandla emali, futhi iGreece ibe nomlando omnene womnotho, Kuwo wonke ama-XNUMXth century, imali engamaphepha enamahlelo akhula ngokwengeziwe aveles. Ikakhulu ngezikhathi zokuphathwa ngamaNazi eWWII.
Kepha ngokuqhubeka nomlando wale mali edumile, singakhuluma ngayo idrarhma yesibili yesimanje ebonakala ngokunembile ngemuva kokuwa kwamaNazi. Njengoba iGreece isikhululiwe, ukwehla kwamandla emali kudlangile futhi kwenziwa imali yamaphepha kuphela, yamanani andayo.
Ngawo-50s sangena esikhathini sesithathu sedrarhma yesimanje, kube khona ukwehliswa kwemali kanye nokulinganiswa kwemali futhi izikweletu zamabandla aphansi zaphuma ekusakazweni. Izinga lokushintshana lahlala ngezinga le- Ama-drakema angama-30 aya kudola kuze kube ngu-1973. Uma sinenkumbulo, kucishe kube ngaphansi lapho kwenzeka Inkinga ka-Oyili futhi isimo sezezimali siqala ukushintsha, hhayi eGrisi kuphela kepha emhlabeni wonke.
Kancane kancane, kwakudingeka amadrakma amaningi ukuze kuthengwe idola ngakho-ke sifika 2001, lapho iGrisi ijoyina i-European Union futhi idrarhima iyeka ukusakazeka, yathathelwa indawo yi-euro.
Indaba iyaqhubeka, umhlaba uyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinkinga, izinyunyana kanye nobumbano, idola liyabusa, i-euro iyancintisana, i-yuan ikhanya ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke akekho umuntu ongaqinisekisa ukuthi ngolunye usuku i-European Union ngeke ichithe futhi idrarhma izokwenza ukubuya eGrisi. Ucabangani?