El cricket Ungomunye wemidlalo enodumo kakhulu eBritish Isles. Lo mdlalo welulwane nebhola, ufana kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi no baseball I-American, ayithandwa kakhulu e-United Kingdom kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe ase- Commonwealth nasezindaweni ezazikade zingamakholoni oMbuso WaseBrithani njengeNdiya noma iPakistan.
Ngokuyinhloko ikhilikithi idlalwa phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abadlali abayishumi nanye. Insimu ilinganiselwa kumamitha angama-20 futhi inenhloso yezinti ezintathu ekugcineni ngakunye. Umthethonqubo uyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlalo.
Phakathi kwezici ezivelele zekhilikithi yilezi ubude bemidlalo (Ezinye zingahlala izinsuku ezinhlanu!) Kanye nomfaniswano onelukuluku wabadlali nonompempe, lapho Umbala omhlophe.
Imvelaphi yekhilikithi
Umdlali wekhilikithi
Izinkomba zokuqala zomlando kukhilikithi zisukela emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Kukholakala ukuthi umdlalo kudabuka ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye E-England, lapho ayaziwa khona ngegama lika umabhebhana. Mhlawumbe ekuqaleni kwayo kwakungeyona nje into emnandi ezinganeni.
Akucaci futhi umsuka we-etymological wegama lekhilikithi. Kubukeka sengathi kungaba yigama elisuselwa ku- igama elidala lesiNgisi "cryce" noma "cricc", okusho ukuthi induku noma induku, kubhekiswa kubhande. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-English Channel, ku EFranceEsikhathini esedlule, igama elithi "ikhilikithi" lalisetshenziswa ukubhekisa ekilabhini noma endukwini.
Kusenomunye umbono ovikela ifayili le- Imvelaphi yaseDashi wegama nokuthi ngisho nokuzama ukuthi umdlalo ubuzokwakhiwa eFlanders esikhundleni seNgilandi.
Okungangabazeki ukuthi ikhilikithi yaduma kakhulu phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Kangangokuthi ezinye iziphathimandla zenkolo eNgilandi yakudala zaze zakuvimbela nokugembula ngoba iphazamise kakhulu amakholwa emisebenzini yawo.
Ukuvela komdlalo
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX lekhilikithi lase lisabalele iGreat Britain. Imiphakathi ibhekane ngqo emincintiswaneni ephakamise izinkanuko nalapho kwenziwa khona ukubheja okukhulu.
Umthethonqubo ubekwe esimweni ngenxa yokubhalwa kwamagama we "Imithetho yekhilikithi", okuyinto nanamuhla evikelwe umona yi IMarylebone Cricket Club (MCC) yaseLondonLe mithetho efanayo igcinwe kuze kube namuhla ngokuguqulwa okumbalwa kakhulu.
Umqhudelwano wokuqala wekhilikithi osemthethweni wabanjwa ngo-1890. Amaqembu ayisishiyagalombili abamba iqhaza kuwo futhi ancintisana ukuba ngompetha beSussex County.
Ikhilikithi iqembu kusuka «the Golden Age»
Isikhathi esiphakathi kuka-1895 no-1914 (unyaka wokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala) saziwa njenge "IGolden Age yeCricket". Cishe zonke izifunda eNgilandi zaziphethe eyazo imincintiswano yasendaweni kanye nemibango emikhulu yomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule minyaka abadlali abaningi baphenduke ochwepheshe. Ukuba khona kwabo ezinkundleni zokudlala kudonse izixuku ezinkulu futhi kwavusa uthando phakathi kwabalandeli.
Ngaphambi kokuba ibhola ligcine lishaye umthetho walo futhi laba ngumdlalo omuhle, hhayi eNgilandi kuphela kepha nasemhlabeni wonke, ikhilikithi yabusa eBritish Isles njengomdlalo omkhulu kazwelonke.
Ikhilikithi emhlabeni
Ngokwandiswa koMbuso WaseBrithani, ikhilikithi yaqala "ukuthunyelwa" kwezinye izindawo ngamaselwandle kanye nabahlali baseNgilandi. Ngakho-ke, lo mdlalo wagxila ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu njengeCanada, iNingizimu Afrika noma i-Australia.
Ngo-1844, umdlalo wokuqala wamazwe omhlaba phakathi kwe-United States neCanada kwenzeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela ohambweni lweqembu lamaNgisi eladlula emazweni ase-Australia phakathi kuka-1876 no-1877 umbango phakathi kwala mazwe womabili wawuzozalwa. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kweNgilandi ne-Australia kubanjelwe IMelbourne Cricket Ground ngo-1882 kwaveza ukuzalwa kuka Umlotha, umncintiswano oyingqophamlando phakathi kwala mazwe womabili osabhekene nawo ngamandla amakhulu namuhla.
Kodwa-ke, lapho lo mdlalo ubuphumelela khona kakhulu bekuse-Indian subcontinent, lapho kwamanye amazwe usabambe isigaba semidlalo kazwelonke namuhla.
Impikiswano yomdlalo wekhilikithi wombango omkhulu phakathi kweNdiya nePakistan
Kusukela ngo-1976, i- Ikomidlalo Lomhlaba WamaKhilikithi emaqenjini esizwe. Izwe elinqobe kaningi kube yi-Australia (izicoco ezi-5) kwalandela iNdiya (2) neqembu laseWest Indies (2), elihlanganisa amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi esifundeni seCaribbean. INgilandi neSri Lanka bobabili bakwazile ukuhlabana ngesicoco esisodwa.
Amanye amazwe abamba iqhaza kwiNdebe Yomhlaba Yekhilikithi yi Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, kanye neZimbabwe. Umqhudelwano olandelayo wekhilikithi uzobanjelwa e-India ngonyaka ka-2023.
El I-International Cricket Council (ICC), ezinze eDubai, yinhlangano yamazwe omhlaba elawula izindawo zalo mdlalo. Njengamanje inamazwe angamalungu angaphezu kwekhulu.