Yana daya daga cikin yawancin samfuran Girka kuma ya fito ne daga kyawawan Tsibirin Chios: la guduro mastic, wanda aka fi sani da Sifen mastic ko mastic.
Wannan resin na ƙamshi mai ƙamshi ya fito ne daga wani nau'in mastic (pistacia lentiscus) wanda kawai ke tsiro a kudancin wannan tsibirin. Abubuwan da yake da shi na musamman da kuma kamshi na musamman sune sakamakon halaye na musamman na yanayin wannan yanki na Aegean da kuma yanayin ƙasar a wannan ɓangaren Chios. Inganinta ya fi na sauran resins kamar su pine ko almond.
Samfurin mai amfani da yawa
Amfani da wannan guduro ya faro ne tun zamanin da. An yi rubuce rubuce a cikin Girka ta gargajiya An yi amfani da shi don shafa gawarwakin, yayin da Zamanin Roman Ya kasance samfurin da mata masu daraja suka yaba dashi, waɗanda suka tauna shi don kawar da warin baki da kuma sanya shi ya zama farin hakora. Daidai kalmar Spanish din "tauna" ta samo asali ne daga wannan tsohuwar amfani da mayin.
A zamanin Daular Ottoman, ana daukar mastic a matsayin kayan alatu. Satar sa hukuncin kisa ne. Sunan Turkawa na tsibirin shine tsibirinmenene ma'anarsa "Tsibirin Rubber".
Guduro Mastic
A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, aikace-aikacen da ake yi na wannan maɓuɓɓugan rubin sun ninka, suna shahara a duk duniya. Yau misali, ana amfani dashi a cikin kera wasu kayan kida kuma yana nan a cikin abun da ke ciki na dyes da zane. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman narkewa da ƙera kayan shafawa. Gaba ɗaya, fiye da amfani daban-daban na 60 na wannan samfurin an sanya sunayensu.
Hakanan a cikin ɓangaren gastronomic, guduro na mastic yana da abubuwa da yawa da za a faɗi, tare da babban matsayi a cikin girke-girke na Girkanci, Cyprus, Siriya da Lebanon. Ba tare da zuwa gaba ba, shahararren giyar Girka taunawa ya ƙunshi ƙarami amma mahimmin adadin shi. Amma kuma, al'ada ce a cikin Chios da sauran yankuna na Girka don ƙara dropsan digo na guduro zuwa burodi, waina, ice cream, waina da kek.
Mast na Chios wani sinadari ne mai mahimmanci na kirista, tsarkakakken mai da ake amfani dashi don shafewa a cocin Orthodox.
Ta yaya ake yin narkar da gudan mastic?
Centuriesarnoni da yawa sun shude, amma tsarin tattara kayan marmari da kyar ya canza daga wancan har zuwa yau. A cikin watannin Agusta da Satumba, masu shuka suna yin jerin gwano a cikin bawon itacen. Salat ɗin gelatinous sannan zai fara malala zuwa waje, yana faɗuwa a cikin sifa babba, mai haske hawaye.
Bayan kamar kwanaki 15 ko 20 sai gudan ya faɗi a ƙasan itaciyar, ya bushe kuma ya samar da wata ƙaƙƙarfar lada wadda masu narkar da ita suka goge kuma a wanke ta da ruwa mai kyau. Bidiyo mai zuwa yana bayanin aikin sosai:
An sanya al'adun guduro na mastic na Chios azaman Al'adun Al'adu na Mutuntaka ta UNESCO a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2014.
Iri na guduro mastic
Akwai manyan nau'ikan mayuka guda biyu. Sun bambanta da juna ta hanyar tsarkinsu:
- Gudun mastic gama gari, mai duhu a launi, dauke da ƙazamta da yawa. Kodayake, ana yaba shi ƙwarai don kaddarorin lafiya don aikin narkewar abinci.
- Gudun mastic resin hawayeLauni amber mai launi, mai kauri ga tabawa da gilashi a bayyane. Yana karfafa kan rassan mastic kuma baya faduwa kasa, shi yasa ya fi mastic na kowa tsabta. Farashin kilogram na guduro mastic hawaye na kusan yuro 150.
Mastichochoria: garuruwan resin
Yankin kudancin Chios an san shi da sunan Mastichochoria (Girkanci, "mutanen mastic"). Akwai jimillar ƙananan hukumomi 24 waɗanda masana'antun su ke kewaye a cikin Kariyar Tsari na Asali ta Tarayyar Turai.
Pyrgi, gari mafi girma a cikin yankin Mastichochoria
Daga cikin yankunan da suke rayuwa ta hanyar noman mastic, dole ne mu ambata Pyrgi, Mesta, Armolia, Kalamoti y Kallimasiya, da sauransu.
Irƙirar maɓallin mastic a kan tsibirin yana hannun guda ɗaya na haɗin gwiwa da aka kafa a 1938. Wannan ƙungiyar kuma tana kula da Gidan Tarihi na Chios Resin, wanda ke ba da baje kolin dindindin kan samar da wannan ɗimbin ɗabi'ar, tarihinta, dabarun nomansa da kuma fa'idodi daban-daban da ake ba su a yau.
A ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2012, a babbar wutar daji a cikin Chios hakan ya tilasta kwashe garuruwa biyar a kudancin tsibirin kuma hakan ya lalata kusan hekta 7.000 na dazuzzuka da gonaki. Lalacewar ta kasance musamman lalata yankin Mastichochoria, inda aka rasa kashi 60% na mastic. Masana'antar samar da resin na mastic ta sha wahala a Hard buga kuma kawai ya sami damar dawo da matakan pre-bala'i fewan shekaru da suka gabata.