Iithiyetha zakudala zamaGrike ezivulekileyo

Elinye lamagalelo amaninzi e IGrisi yakudala kwimpucuko yasentshona yi Ithiyetha. Namhlanje siza kubona Ibinjani iithiyetha zamandulo zamaGrike, iindawo ekwakusenziwa kuzo iintlekele namabali ahlekisayo, inqanaba lemidaniso kunye nezithethe zonqulo. Zonke izixeko zamaGrike zazinendawo yemidlalo yeqonga, kuba yayisisithuba sokuzonwabisa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kubemi bayo nayiphi na ipolisi.

Iithiyetha zokuqala zamaGrike zazikho kufutshane neetempile, ekubeni ekuqaleni zazisetyenziselwa ukubhiyozela iinkonzo zonqulo. Isakhiwo sayo santlandlolo sasilula kakhulu, nangona ixesha liphuhlisiwe de lafikelela kwifom esiyaziyo namhlanje.

Kumaxesha akudala, phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX neye-XNUMX yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, xa iholo yemidlalo yamaGrike yafumana ubume bayo obucacileyo. Kwimeko enesetyhula, evulekileyo esibhakabhakeni kwaye ihlala ikwindawo ezinesithuba esininzi. Ukunyuka kokunyuka kwabantu kunyanzeliswa kulwakhiwo lwee-bleachers kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olongezelelekileyo.

Kukho into ebalulekileyo Umahluko phakathi kweethiyetha zamaGrike nezamaRoma. Ezi zamva zazakhiwe kumhlaba othe tyaba kwaye iinyathelo zazo zazakhiwe ngendlu eluvalweni nakwiingqameko. Ithiyetha zamaGrike, kwelinye icala, zazidibene ngcono nokusingqongileyo. Zakhiwa zisebenzisa indawo, umzekelo kumathambeka enduli. Emva kwexesha, iziduli zomhlaba zakhiwa ngokukodwa ukuba zihlale kwindawo yazo.

Kwakulezi zikhewu zimangalisayo apho amaGrike amandulo ayekwazi ukonwabela iintlekele okokuqala. I-Aeschylus, iSophocles kunye ne-Euripides, nangona ikwayi-comedies ezingenambeko ze IAristophane.

Acoustics

Olunye lweempawu ezimangazayo zemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike yile i-acoustics yayo emangazayo. Oku kuthetha lukhulu malunga nabo bayile kwaye bakha ezi ndawo zivaliweyo, besebenzisa ulwazi lobuchwephesha oluphambili ngokwenene ngexesha labo.

Eyona midlalo yeqonga inkulu inokubamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18.000 yababukeli. Ngenxa yezizathu zendawo, abaninzi babo baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu nommandla. Ukanti amazwi abadlali, umculo kunye neengoma zekwayari zafikelela kubo ngokucacileyo.

Owona mzekelo waziwa ngoku ufumaneka kwi Ithiyetha ye-Epidaurus (kumfanekiso ophambili weposi), ebekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-70 kumazantsi e- Atenas. Apho kulisiko ukumangalisa iindwendwe ngomboniso olula osebenzayo: bayamenywa ukuba bathathe isihlalo kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu kwizitendi kwaye bathule. Emva koko kwilitye lesiteji (skeneingqekembe yehla, isandi sayo siwela ngokugqibeleleyo ezindlebeni zabo bonke ababukeli, naphi na apho bahleli khona.

Izifundo zakutshanje kwi-acoustics zibonisa ukuba isitshixo asikho kuyilo oluyimpumelelo lwendawo ebiyelweyo, kodwa nakwilitye lekalika lezihlalo zezitendi, ezinakho ukufunxa amaza esandi angaphantsi kwe-500 Hz.

Ulwakhiwo kunye neendawo zemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike

Iithiyetha zamaGrike zazenziwe ngezinto ezintathu eziphambili: koilon, iokhestra y skene, ukongeza kuthotho lwezinto ezincedisayo.

ikhoilon

Yisangqa esenziwe ngu amanyathelo, apho abaphulaphuli babehleli khona. Ngamaxesha amva kwabizwa njalo ixesha, ligama elivela kwigama langoku "kwithiyetha". Njengale midlalo yeqonga namabala emidlalo yanamhlanje, yahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukaniswe ziipaseji.

Kwiintsuku zokuqala abantu babehlala ngqo emhlabeni. Emva kwexesha, kwakhiwa izihlalo zamatye, kwaye, kwimiqolo yokuqala, izihlalo ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Orchestra

Isithuba apho coro kwaye i imidaniso. Ngokwenyani ijikeleze oomculo lonke ulwakhiwo lwazalwa. Kwiintsuku zokuqala encinci isibingelelo sokwenza idinikoothixo ngaphambi komdlalo.

Ngokubanzi, i oomculo ndibene imilo ejikelezayo laza lahlukaniswa neenqwelwana ngodonga oluphantsi.

Isikhumba

La skene (indawo), apho abadlali, yabandakanywa kulwakhiwo xa imisebenzi yokuqala yeqonga yaqala ukumelwa. Ubume bayo babumxinwa kwaye buhlangene, buhlala buphakanyiswa xa kuthelekiswa ne oomculo, ukuze ibonakale kubo bonke abantu.

Iithiyetha ezininzi zazinesakhiwo ngasemva kwe- skene umnxeba iparaskenia. Ngaphezulu kwakhe kolule i iipinake, uhombiso olungelolwakho ukumela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kusenziwa kwithiyetha yanamhlanje.

Ezinye izinto zeethiyetha zamaGrike

Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zisisiseko, iithiyetha zamaGrike zinokuba nezinye izinto ezincinci okanye ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:

• DiazomeIipaseji ezijolise ekwahlukaneni kweendawo zokuma ngobude kwaye zivumela ababukeli ukuba bafikelele kwizihlalo zabo.
• Ukuqwalaselwa: indawo ngasemva kweSkene, ihlala ifihliwe emehlweni ombukeli. Isetyenziswe ngabadlali ukutshintsha iimpahla.
• IParodoiIipaseji apho abadlali bangena khona.
• Ukukhutshwa: indawo ebekwe phambi kweSkene, ihonjiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nezityalo.

Eyona ndawo igcinwe kakuhle yamaGrike

Ngaba kusekho iithiyetha zakudala zamaGrike esinokuthi sizithande size sifunde? Ngethamsanqa, ewe, nangona uninzi luye lwanyamalala. Ezi zezinye zezona zigcinwe kakuhle:

Ithiyetha ye-Epidaurus

Ikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye yaphawulwa ngayo i-acoustics, iholo yemidlalo ye-Epidaurus yeyona ndawo idumileyo yemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike eyaziwayo. Ime kumaNtla mpuma weSingasiqithi iPeloponnese eGrisi kwaye yakhiwa ngekhulu le-14.000 BC. C. Ingabamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1988 yababukeli. Ibiyinxalenye yeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ukusukela ngo-XNUMX.

IDelphi Theatre

Isondele kakhulu kwi unqulo lothixo uApollo kunye Umlomo weDelphi. Le midlalo yeqonga inezitulo ezingama-5.000 XNUMX yanika ababukeli bayo umbono omangalisayo weCirra Valley. Ukongeza kwimidlalo yeqonga, ibibambe neminye imiboniso kunye nemibhiyozo enxulumene neMidlalo yePythian.

Ithiyetha yaseDionysus eAthene

El Iqonga likaDionysus imi kwithambeka elingasemzantsi-ntshona we IAthene AcropolisLe yayiyeyona ndawo yemidlalo yeqonga inkulu kwilizwe lamaGrike, elinabantu ababengaphantse babe li-18.000. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, yaphakanyiswa ukuba ibonise imidaniso kunye nemidlalo yokuhlonipha uthixo uDionysus. Inkqubo ye- koolon kunye oomculo Baye bahlaziywa kutshanje, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwantlandlolo lusasebenza.