eMedusa Ungomnye wabantu abaziwayo nabanomdla kakhulu kwiintsomi zamaGrike. Ibiyi omnye weegorgon ezintathuKunye noStheno noEuryale, kuphela kwabo dade bathathu boyikekayo ababengafiyo.
Yayingoobani iigorgons? Ezi zidalwa ziyoyikekayo ezazisoyikwa ngamaGrike kumaxesha amandulo yayingamabhinqa anamaphiko endaweni yeenwele ezintlokweni zabo babenenyoka ephilayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakungeyonto yoyikisayo kubo. Eyona nto imbi yayikukuba, ngokwentsomi, abo babenobuganga bokujonga emehlweni abo bajika kwangoko baba ngamatye.
Iigorgons
Kulula ukuthelekelela uloyiko ekumele ukuba ezi zidalwa zakhuthaza kumaGrike elo xesha, awayezithatha ngokuqinisekileyo zonke ezo ntsomi zakudala. Ngayiphi na imeko, kufanelekile ukuba kwakukhuthaza ukwazi ukuba iigorgons zihlala kwindawo ekude. Vula Isiqithi esikude ekuthiwa yiSarpedon, ngokwesithethe esithile; okanye, ngokutsho kwabanye, kwenye indawo ilahlekile kwi Lybia (nto leyo eyayibizwa ngokuba ngamaGrike kwilizwekazi laseAfrika).
Iigorgons zi iintombi zeForcis kunye neKeto, ezibini koothixo ababalaseleyo kwiingcamango zamaGrike ezintsonkothileyo.
Oodade abathathu (uSteno, u-Euryale noMedusa), bafumana igama le-gorgons, Oko kukuthi, "eyoyikekayo". Kwathiwa ngabo igazi lakhe lalinamandla okubuyisela abafileyo ebomini, Logama nje ikhutshiwe kwicala lasekunene. Endaweni yoko, igazi kwicala lasekhohlo le-gorgon laliyityhefu ebulalayo.
UBust waseMedusa oqingqwe nguGian Lorenzo Bernini ngo-1640. Lo mfanekiso ubalaseleyo weBaroque ugcinwe kwiiCapitoline Museums zaseRome.
Ukuthetha ngokukodwa eMedusa, Kufuneka kuthiwe igama layo livela kwigama lesiGrike lakudala Μέδουσα elinentsingiselo ethi "umgcini".
Kukho ilivo elibonisa ukuba iMedusa inemvelaphi eyahlukileyo kunezinye iigorgons ezimbini. Ngokwale nto, uMedusa wayeyintombazana entle eyayiza kuba nayo wakhubekisa uthixokazi Athena Ukuhlambela enye yeetempile ezingcwaliselwe kuye (ngokutsho kombhali waseRoma u-Ovid, ngewayelala nothixo Poseidon kwingcwele). Oku, kunzima kwaye ngaphandle kwemfesane kuya kuba njalo waguqula iinwele zakhe zaba ziinyoka njengesohlwayo.
Inkolelo kaMedusa iye yavela kwiinkwenkwezi ezininzi imisebenzi yobugcisa ukususela kwi-Renaissance ukuya kwi-XNUMX leminyaka. Mhlawumbi eyona idumileyo kuzo zonke ipeyinti yeoyile nguCaravaggio, zipeyintwe ngo-1597, leyo iboniswe kumfanekiso ophethe isithuba. Kumaxesha akutshanje, inani leMedusa liye labangwa ngamanye amacandelo obufazi njengophawu lokuvukelwa kwabasetyhini.
Perseus kunye neMedusa
Kwintsomi yamaGrike, igama elithi Medusa linxibelelene ngokungenakwahlukaniswa nelo Perseus, umbulali omkhulu kunye nomsunguli wesixeko saseMycenae. Iqhawe eligqibe ubomi balo.
UDanae, umama kaPerseus, wabangwa ngu Iipolydectes, Kumkani wesiqithi saseSeriphos. Nangona kunjalo, lo mntu uselula wema phakathi kwabo. Iipolicectes zifumene indlela yokuphelisa lo mqobo ucaphukisayo ngokuthumela uPerseus kwimishini ekungekho mntu unokubuya aphile kuyo: Ukuya eSarpedon kunye Yiza nentloko yaseMedusa, ekuphela kwegorgon efayo.
UAthena, esakhathazwa nguMedusa, wagqiba kwelokuba ancede uPerseus kwimizamo yakhe enzima. Ke wamcebisa ukuba afune i-Hesperides kwaye afumane kubo izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukoyisa i-gorgon. Ezo zixhobo zazingu ikrele ledayimane kunye nesigcina-ntloko awasinikayo xa enxiba amandla okungabonakali. Ufumene kubo nengxowa ekwaziyo ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo intloko kaMedusa. Yintoni egqithisile, Hermes ubolekise uPerseus wakhe iimbadada ezinamaphiko ukubhabha, ngelixa uAthena ngokwakhe wamnika isikhuselo esikhulu esikhazimlayo.
U-Perseus ubambe intloko kaMedusa. Iinkcukacha zomfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseCellini, ePiazza de la Signoria eFlorence.
Ephethe le panoply inamandla, uPerseus wamatsha edibana ne-gorgons. Njengoko ithamsanqa ibiya kuba nayo, wafumana uMedusa elele emqolombeni wakhe. Ukuthintela ukujonga kwakhe okuya kukushiya ungenathemba, Iqhawe lisebenzise ikhaka elibonakalisa umfanekiso we-gorgon njengesipili. Yiyo ke loo nto aya kuye engakhange amjonge ebusweni kwaye amnqumle intloko. Ukusuka entanyeni eyaphukileyo kwazalwa ihashe elinamaphiko uPegasus kunye nesigebenga esigama linguChrysaor.
Emva kokufumanisa okwenzekileyo, ezinye iigorgons zalandela umbulali kadade wabo. Kwakungelo xesha apho uPerseus wasebenzisa isigcina-ntloko sakhe sokungabonakali ukuba abaleke kubo nakukhuseleko.
Isimboli seNtloko yaseMedusa eyaziwayo gorgonion, ebonakala kwimiboniso emininzi kwikhaka lika-Athena. AmaGrike amandulo ayesebenzisa amakhubalo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yentloko kaMedusa ukukhusela amashwa kunye neliso elibi. Sele kumaxesha amaGrike, i-Gorgoneion yaba ngumfanekiso osetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imizobo, ubucwebe kunye neengqekembe zemali.